Version 228 Discovery of the Isle of Atlantis, the Garden of the Hesperides, the Pillars of Hercules, Lake Tritonide, the Gorgons

1. The very kind Professor Giorgio Saba has found the real Pillars of Hercules : they are the Faraglione Antiche Colonne of Carloforte, on the Island of San Pietro, in Sardinia (Italy); his discovery is described in the text “ Excuse me, where is Hades? Hypotheses on the ancient history of Sardinia ”.
   Official congratulations!
2. Sulcis is the capital of Atlantis;
3. Atlantis is not Sardinia: Atlantis is the Sardinian-Corsican geological block partially submerged by causes to be ascertained; Sardinia is only a plateau of emerged land on the semi-submerged island of Atlantis. When the island was semi-submerged, what remained out of the water was later known as Sardinia and Corsica. Corsica was the mountainous part north of Atlantis.
4. There is evidence of a submersion, which took place on a date to be determined;
5. There are white, red and black rocks: the black ones have even been exported throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and it is obsidian; the red rocks are very famous in Sardinia, in particular those of Arbatax and the red rocks of Carloforte, to name just a few. The Red Rocks of Ogliastra are one of the main natural attractions of the region. Located on the central-eastern coast of Sardinia, these imposing red porphyry formations emerge from the emerald green waters, creating a spectacular chromatic contrast with the white rocks and colored pebbles ¹ .The Rocce Rosse bay opens east of the port of Arbatax, a tourist fraction of Tortolì, with a bottom of white rocks and high red granite rocks which give the landscape a unique and extremely fascinating aspect ¹ . The reflection of the rocks gives the water an iridescent emerald green colour, creating a magical and breathtaking atmosphere, especially at sunset when the warm tones enhance the beauty of the landscape ¹ . The Red Rocks were also the location for the final scene of the film “Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny” by Lina Wertmüller (1974) ¹ . Other red porphyry cliffs dot the Ogliastra coast, such as Is Scoglius Arrubius, two twenty-metre-high stacks which are the symbol of the magnificent Cea beach, located a few kilometers south ¹ . In summary, the Red Rocks of Ogliastra are a natural wonder that offers a breathtaking spectacle thanks to the chromatic contrast between the red rocks and the emerald green waters. A place not to be missed for anyone visiting Sardinia!
   Fetovaia, Neolithic port of the Sardinians in 3720 BC  According to an article written by Angelo Mazzei, Fetovaia was a Neolithic Sardinian port in 3720 BC The “Circoli Arzachena” of Piane alla Sughera, on the mountain of Fetovaia, are Neolithic circle tombs very similar to those of the Circles of li Muri, in Sardinia. They are empirically dated to around the first half of the 4th millennium BC. According to Mazzei, they can be dated with greater precision around 3750 BC, given the situation of particular intensity in the maritime routes of the Sardinian obsidian traders that took shape in that period. inspired by the discovery of a Neolithic site in Provence containing a deposit of about 5,000 fragments of obsidian from Monte Arci (Oristano). In 2005, a groundbreaking discovery took place near Trets in the south of France, which has significantly expanded our understanding of the spread of obsidian in the northwestern Mediterranean region. This archaeological site, called “Terres Longues”, is located in low limestone Provence, in the Trets basin, and has traces of dense prehistoric activity. Thanks to several archaeological investigations, it has been revealed that obsidian, a volcanic stone often used in prehistory, it was absent in excavated structures but was present in a specific soil level of the site. This soil layer also showed a large amount of flint (silex bédoulien), another type of stone used by the ancient inhabitants. A dating based on faunal finds found at the base of this ground level revealed that the site dates from the very end of the Chasséen period, placing it around 3720 ± 80 BC The number of obsidian finds is impressive, totaling 4548 pieces, making the Terres Longues site unique in southern France and beyond. Obsidian accounts for more than 20% of the entire assemblage, a remarkably high percentage compared to previously known data. The technological analysis of this lithic assemblage aims to define the function of the site, in particular its role in the circuits for the diffusion of obsidian and Bedulian flint (silex bédoulien) and the possible presence of a Sardinian colony which from a shopping center for sorting goods. Here are some sources that speak of the diffusion of Sardinian obsidian in Europe and in the world: making the Terres Longues site unique in the south of France and beyond. Obsidian accounts for more than 20% of the entire assemblage, a remarkably high percentage compared to previously known data. The technological analysis of this lithic assemblage aims to define the function of the site, in particular its role in the circuits for the diffusion of obsidian and Bedulian flint (silex bédoulien) and the possible presence of a Sardinian colony which from a shopping center for sorting goods. Here are some sources that speak of the diffusion of Sardinian obsidian in Europe and in the world: making the Terres Longues site unique in the south of France and beyond. Obsidian accounts for more than 20% of the entire assemblage, a remarkably high percentage compared to previously known data. The technological analysis of this lithic assemblage aims to define the function of the site, in particular its role in the circuits for the diffusion of obsidian and Bedulian flint (silex bédoulien) and the possible presence of a Sardinian colony which from a shopping center for sorting goods. Here are some sources that speak of the diffusion of Sardinian obsidian in Europe and in the world: 
   1. “Obsidian Studies in the Prehistoric Central Mediterranean: After 50 Years, What Have We Learned and What Still Needs to Be Done?” di Robert H. Tykot¹
   2. “Mediterranean Islands and Multiple Flows” di Robert H. Tykot²
   3. “New directions in central Mediterranean obsidian studies” ³

   These sources provide detailed information on the diffusion of Sardinian obsidian, in particular that from Monte Arci in Sardinia, which traveled hundreds of kilometers starting from the Early Neolithic ¹ . As can be seen from these sources, there were no white, red and black stones in Atlantis, but there was even a huge trade in black stones, i.e. obsidian, around all of Europe, and we have a lot of documented evidence by scientists and archaeologists who have dedicated part of their lives to this study, allowing us now to have certain and documented proof of the use of black stones by the Sardinian-Corsican Atlantean people.

6. There is a great deal of evidence of bull worship; among many others, the toponymic presence of Isola del Toro, Isola della Vacca; the cult of the bull at the temple of Matzanni; the discovery of many ritual bull heads. I will slowly collect all this evidence into this list item.
7. The evidence of the existence of canals is very strong: in fact there is a port-canal like the one described for Atlantis, and it is the Porto Canale of Cagliari; the geography and even the geology of the Sulcis show, on an analysis of the satellite images, a trend in concentric circles or sections of circles; the geography of the center of Sulcis coincides with the Platonic descriptions: sacred woods (still today a large part of Sulcis is made up of woods and natural parks considered so precious as to have made them protected zones by the European Union, and this may be one reason why excavations and core drilling studies were not carried out to verify the possible presence of underground archaeological finds).
8. Atlantis was very rich in minerals: and it still is today, let’s imagine how it must have been over 11,600 years ago! The Sulcis mines are famous throughout Europe, they have a very ancient history and tradition, well known to geologists from all over the world and which need not be further emphasized. In Furtei there is still today a gold mine which allowed to extract gold a few decades ago; this suggests that in prehistoric times the mine could have been very rich in gold raw materials. In Sardinia there are even minerals that are unique in the world, for example Ichnusaite, which takes its name from Ichnussa, the ancient name of Sardinia.
9. In Plato’s account of Atlantis, a plain adjacent to the city is described as having a perimeter of 2,000 x 3,000 stadia (385 x 580 km or 240 x 360 miles). A stadium corresponds to about 185 meters, so the plain had a perimeter of about 370 x 555 km. These are exactly the dimensions of the height and width of the submerged Corsican Sardinian geological block. This implies that in the past the Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans had already managed to measure the exact extent of the island before it ended up submerged under the sea, or if you want, under the Atlantic Ocean, i.e. the current Sea of ​​Corsica and Sardinia. The size taken in a north-south direction of the currently semi-submerged Corsican Sardinian block is exactly 555 kilometers, and this precision is impressive, and the fact that the size is so precise cannot be a coincidence: otherwise hundreds and hundreds of “coincidences” are listed on this page. These are not coincidences, but facts.
10. Lake Tritonide is the sum of the lakes, lagoons and ponds of Cagliari, Assemini, Elmas, Capoterra, Quartu, Molentargius, Stagno Conti Vecchi; it is yet to be determined whether the submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican block has modified the original dimensions of this lake believed to be mythological for millennia; I will analyze the sources slowly, trying to make sense of the ancient texts.
    Herodotus, Histories 4. 180 (Godley translation) (Greek historian 5th century BC):
    I can not say; but I suppose the armor was Egyptian; for I hold that the Greeks got their shield and helmet from Egypt. As for Athena, they say that she was the daughter of Poseidon and of Lake Tritonis, and that, for some reason angry with her father, she gave herself to Zeus, who made her her daughter. This is their story. Relations between men and women are promiscuous; they do not coexist but have relationships like cattle. When a woman’s child is well grown, the men assemble within three months, and the child is judged to be of the man he most resembles.” This is their story. Relations between men and women are promiscuous; they do not coexist but have relationships like cattle. When a woman’s child is well grown, the men assemble within three months, and the child is judged to be of the man he most resembles.” This is their story. Relations between men and women are promiscuous; they do not coexist but have relationships like cattle. When a woman’s child is well grown, the men assemble within three months, and the child is judged to be of the man he most resembles.”Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 144 (Aldrich translation) (Greek mythographer AD 2nd):
    “They say that after Athena was born, she was raised by Triton [and presumably Tritonis], who had a daughter named Pallas. Both girls cultivated a military life, which once led them into a contentious dispute. When Pallas was about to strike a blow at Athena, Zeus held out his aegis shakily, so that she looked up to protect herself, and so it was wounded by Athena and fell. had happened to Pallas, Athena made a wooden image of her, and around her breast she tied the aegis that had frightened her, and she placed the statue beside Zeus and did him honor of her.” Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4. 1493 ff (Rieu translation) (Greek epic 3rd century BC):
    “He [Amphitemis son of Apollo and Akakallis (Acacallis)] married the Nymph Tritonis and she bore him two sons, Nasamon and the mighty Kaphauros (Capauro).” Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 14. 6 (Jones translation) (Greek Travelogue C2nd AD):
    “The Libyans say that the goddess [Athena] is the daughter of Poseidon and Lake Tritonis, and for this reason she has eyes blue like Poseidon.” Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 14 ( Grant translation  ) (Roman mythographer 2nd century AD):
    “During the return journey [of the Argonauts] Eurybates, son of Teleon died, and Canto, son of . . ((lacuna)) They were killed in Libya by the shepherd Cephalion, brother of Nasamone, son of the Nymph Tritonide and of Amphitemis, whose flocks they plundered».
11. Legend has it that the inhabitants of Lake Tritonide stole and hid a tripod of the Argonauts: I theorized the hypothesis that the tripod mentioned in the legend of the Argonauts was actually hidden by the Sardinians after the arrival of the Argonauts in the area. This tripod may have been a precious or sacred artifact that piqued the interest of the Sardinians, leading them to copy its stylistic technique to produce local tripods. It is therefore possible not only a linguistic and cultural contamination between Greeks and Sardinians, but also an artistic and stylistic one. It is possible that among the fragments of Greek and Cypriot-style tripods found by Sardinian archaeologists, there is even some fragment or part of the tripod mentioned in the legend.
12. The Atlas Mountains mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories in Chapter IV are the Sulcis Mountains ;
13. The Libya mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories in Chapter IV is an area of ​​the current Province of Cagliari;
14. The “elephant species” widely present on Sardinian-Corsican Atlantis is the Mammuthus Lamarmorae, today also known as the Sardinian dwarf elephant;
15. The Atlantic Ocean for Herodotus and Sonchis of Sais is the Sea of ​​Sardinia and Corsica and other seas of the Mediterranean, but not all of the Mediterranean: only a subset of it; we therefore have the opportunity to make an approximate historical dating:
    Solon’s journey to Sais can be placed around 590 BC;
    Herodotus of Halicarnassus lived in the 5th century BC.
    We can therefore derive that in the 6th and 5th century BC in Egypt and Greece the Sea of ​​Corsica and the Sea of ​​Sardinia were still called the “Atlantic Ocean” by some Mediterranean scholars.
    We can therefore deduce that something happened later that forced a change of geographical nomenclature. At the present time, on 08/17/2023, I still don’t understand what happened. Why was the name changed to the Atlantic Ocean, i.e. the Sea of ​​Atlantis? At the moment, I believe that as Rome’s power grew, the old name of the Mediterranean Ocean became unbearable to the Roman Senate: probably the Senate proposed at a certain point a Damnatio Memoriæ. Currently these statements are still experimental, because I am not a historian, therefore I do not have the cognitive structure necessary to formalize these ideas in a scientific way. I hope that some scholar will help me in my enormous difficulty, putting my ideas under test, as happens when benchmarking a software product.
16. The mud that surrounded the Sardinian-Corsican island of Atlantis is due to the erosion by the backwash of the Sardinian-Corsican paleocoasts ; this erosion has caused the generation of the so-called submerged Sardinian-Corsican continental shelf;
17. Another source I used is the analysis of toponymy . I’m no expert, I had to build my theory assumptions on assumptions. After realizing that Atlantis is the semi-submerged Sardinian Corsican block, I wondered where the capital would be. And observing the satellite maps I realized that the Sulcis is made up of geological structures that recall portions of concentric circles, like the capital of Atlantis described by Plato. After rereading the texts of Timaeus and Critias many times, I casually realized that in Sulcis, a region of present-day Sardinia, there were some toponyms that recall the Platonic story: many geographical localities of Sulcis in Sardinia (towns/localities/hamlets/towns/cities) contain names linked to the concept of cold water and hot water. However, these geographical locality names are in Sardinian dialect, so a foreign scientist who does not know the Sardinian language and its constellation of dialectal forms could never arrive at my same conclusions. I had the advantage of being born right next to Sulcis, so these toponyms are in my first mother tongue, i.e. Campidanese Sardinian or its very similar variants (the linguistic variant of Sulcitan Sardinian). Much of the toponymy of Sulcis recalls the story of Atlantis : Acqua Callentis (hot water); Acquafredda (cold water);Acquacadda (hot water); S’Acqua Callenti de Susu (the hot water above); S’Acqua Callenti de Basciu (the warm water below); the Castello di Acquafredda (castle of cold water) which stands on a mountain overlooking the place where the town of Acquafredda was present during the Middle Ages , now disappeared; Furriadroxiu (the place where everything turns upside down); Spistiddatroxiu (the place where you get hurt); Piscinas (the swimming pools)… and who knows how many others. I then became aware that Sardinian toponymy had points in common with the Greek and Egyptian ones : for example, Heliopolismeans “city of the Sun”, while in Sulcis there is a locality called Terresoli , which means “Land of the Sun”; but again, I’m not an Egyptologist, so building up all this information is incredibly difficult work. I also noticed that the Egyptian priest known as Sonchis , who according to tradition told Solon the story of Atlantis against Athens, lived in the city of Sais ; Sais is also a Sardinian surname ; moreover there are in Sulcis (they could not be coincidences, there are too many, all together) two localities called “Is Sais Superiore” and “Is Sais Inferiore”.
    I have just discovered, in recent days (19/03/2023) that some scholars have already noticed this incredible coincidence between Egyptian and Sardinian culture and toponymy on the following web pages: 

    
    Among other toponymic analyses, we can analyze the Sardinian toponym of Tharros. “Tharros (in Latin Tarrae, in ancient Greek Thàrras,  Θάρρας ) is an archaeological site  in the province of Oristano, located in the municipality of Cabras, in Sardinia”. In Greek, Θάρρας means “courage”. If it is true that the Corsican Sardinian block ended up semi-submerged under the sea, or under the Atlantic Ocean, as it was then called, then it is no wonder that the population that remained to live on the shores of the sea called its own “courage” city, because it takes courage to live in a city on the sea after the whole Sardinian-Corsican island has semi-sunk. Naturally, I cannot know the exact reason why they called Tharros “courage”, but this is the best interpretation I have been able to give of toponymy, at the moment (11/08/2023).
    Sardinia has a complex and stratified history, which reflects the various peoples and cultures that have influenced it over the millennia. The Greek presence in Sardinia, although not as extensive as in other parts of the Mediterranean, has left some traces, even in the toponymy. Here are some Sardinian localities that have toponymic origins linked to ancient Greek culture:

    • Olbia : Located in the north-east of Sardinia, the name “Olbia” means “lucky” or “happy” in ancient Greek. The city was an important commercial center in ancient times and maintained contacts with the Greek world.
    • Nora : This ancient city, located near Pula in the southern part of the island, has pre-Nuragic and Punic origins, but also links with the Greek world. Some inscriptions found in Nora are in the Phoenician alphabet but in the Greek language.
    • Tharros : Another ancient center located in the western part of the island, near Oristano. Although Tharros is most commonly associated with the Phoenicians and Romans, there have been discoveries of pottery and other objects of Greek origin.
    • Sulcis : The region of Sulcis, in southwestern Sardinia, had contact with the Greek world, especially through the nearby colony of Cyrene (in Sardinian Libya). Although the name “Sulcis” is probably of Semitic origin, the Greek presence in the region is testified by various archaeological finds.
    • Pistis : As you said, “Pistis” is both a Sardinian surname and the name of a locality in Sardinia. In Greek, “Pistis” represents faith, trust or reliability. Although there is no concrete evidence, this toponymic connection is interesting to note.
    • Museums : A locality in Sardinia that bears a name that recalls the “Muse”, the Greek divinities of music, art and science. Again, it’s difficult to make a direct connection between the country’s name and Greek mythology with certainty, but the connection is intriguing.
    • Neapolis : This name, which in Greek means “new city”, is a rather common toponym in the ancient world. The presence of a “Neapolis” in Sardinia could suggest the foundation or re-foundation of a city in a period of Greek influences or during a period in which Greek was a language of prestige and culture.
    • Calasetta : Although the name “Calasetta” is not directly of Greek origin, the history of the locality is linked to the colonization by families from Tabarka, an island off the coast of Tunisia. And Tabarka, in turn, had its roots in the ancient Greek city of Kalè Aktè.

    These toponymic connections provide fascinating clues about the complex web of interactions between Sardinia and the ancient Mediterranean world. However, it is always important to do thorough research and look at the historical and archaeological context to confirm any theories or hypotheses about the origin and meaning of these names.

Importantly, although there are traces of Greek influence in Sardinia, the island is currently believed to have had deeper interactions with other cultures such as the Nuragics, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and Romans. Therefore, while there are some localities with names of Greek origin, it is still believed by scholars that they represent only a small fraction of the rich toponymic tapestry of the island.

Here are some further Sardinian toponyms that may have Greek origins:

Kalaris : this name could derive from the Greek word “kályx”, which means “cup” or “goblet”, perhaps referring to the shape of the natural port of Cagliari.
Tiana : this name could come from the Greek word “tíanos”, which means “elongated” or “extended”, perhaps referring to the shape or location of the city.
Pirri : this name could derive from the Greek word “pyrrós”, which means “red” or “fire-coloured”, perhaps referring to the color of the soil or rocks in the area.
Monte Astili : this name could derive from the Greek word “ástylos”, which means “without columns” or “unadorned”, perhaps referring to a simple or unadorned architectural style of the area.
Tiscali: this name could derive from the Greek word “skális”, which means “ladder” or “stairway”, perhaps referring to a steep or terraced landscape in the area.
Zinnias (Zinnigas) : This name could derive from the Greek word “skínos”, meaning “rush” or “reed”, probably referring to a marshy or marshy area of ​​the region.
These are just some possible interpretations of Sardinian toponyms that could have Greek origins. Toponymy is a complex field and it is always important to do thorough research and consider multiple sources and interpretations before drawing any conclusions about the origins and meanings of place names.

18. Among the archaeological evidence, the submerged city of Nora in Sardinia, right in the current Sulcis. Nora is a very famous submerged city in Sardinia ¹ . It is located a few kilometers from Cagliari, on the south coast of the island, near the renowned seaside resort of Pula ¹ . Nora is an archaeological site of great interest, where an ancient city dating back to the Phoenician-Punic period was discovered ¹. If all my statements about a Sardinian Corsican Atlantis were invented, then it would be an incredible coincidence that there is a semi-submerged underwater city right in Sulcis, the place where I claim to be the capital of the Atlantean civilization. Have underwater archaeological studies ever been done on the submerged Nora? Has it been mapped, studied, analysed, hacked, to understand its secrets? How many years ago? And today? What is being done to save the scientific data of this semi-submerged city under the Sardinian sea? Is the sunken city of Heracleion in Alexandria in Egypt subjected to massive study and analysis, and Nora sunken in Sardinia? The submerged city of Baia has become a Submerged Park, and Nora in Sardinia?
19. Among the archaeological evidence of the submersion of the Sulcis, in addition to the submersion of Nora we have the submersion of the submerged Port of Melqart of Malfatano. The submerged port of Melqart, located near Porto Pino in Teulada, is one of the greatest archaeological wonders of Sardinia. It is considered the largest port in the ancient Mediterranean and was used by the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians and the Romans. The port was described by the Greek geographer Ptolemy in the 1st century AD as the Portus Erculi, dedicated to the god of navigation. It could accommodate up to 400 ships and its ancient grandeur is evidenced by the walls that tower only two meters below the surface of the water, among shoals of fish and dancing algae. The fact that it was called Portus Erculi implies that this toponym could be a confirmation of the passage of the figure of Hercules, hitherto considered mythological, in these places. As explained elsewhere on this website, Hercules is linked to Sulcis and Southern Sardinia also due to the story of the Garden of the Hesperides. According to some archaeologists, the bay that opens in front of Capo Malfatano – whose name derives from the Arab toponym ‘Amal Fatah’, or place of Hope – would have been the base of the Carthaginian military fleet which controlled the western Mediterranean until 146 BC, the year in which the Romans won the last Punic war and seized everything, perhaps as far as the Strait of Gibraltar. The true story of that era is still to be reconstructed and told, but in the meantime you can immerse yourself in the discovery of this mysterious site among the remains of buildings, roads and docks. In addition to Nora, Sulcis also has the submerged port of Malfatano dedicated to Hercules. The archaeological evidence begins to be more and more numerous and congruent with the story that Atlantis is the Sardinian block partially submerged. Archaeologists already have a great deal of evidence at their disposal. A submerged coastal city and port? It means that they were previously on dry land, and therefore it means that southern Sardinia is submerged. It is therefore not surprising that at one point there could have been a more violent submersion than the others that sank many kilometers of coasts under the sea, killing all the prehistoric populations who lived on the coasts feeding on seafood and hunting and fishing. The story of Atlantis, which seemed like a mythological tale, now takes on much more credible and probable contours, the archaeological evidence is evident and clear to anyone who knows how to interpret it.
20. In addition to Nora and the port of Ercole at Capo Malfatano, there are several other submerged structures in Sardinia . Some of these include:
    • Porto Flavia : Porto Flavia is an ancient mining port located on the south-western coast of Sardinia, near Masua. It was built at the end of the 19th century to transport ore extracted from the surrounding mines. Much of the structure has been carved out of rock, with galleries and tunnels extending below sea level. While it’s not fully submerged, it’s a unique structure that connects the region’s past mining activity with the sea.
    • Is Zuddas : These are the Caves of Is Zuddas, located in the Sulcis-Iglesiente, a region in the south-west of Sardinia. These caves are famous for their limestone formations and stalactites. While not submerged, they represent a very interesting cave system that may have played a role in prehistoric life and local imagination. In fact, it is possible that the karst phenomenon played a very important role in ancient civilizations. Among the various hypotheses that I can venture, when Orpheus is looking for Euridice it is possible that he entered a system of caves such as those of Is Zuddasin Sulcis. Maybe they were considered Hades. Or perhaps the Sardinians made fun of the Greeks, making fun of them, telling them lies to make them appear stupid and incompetent or even gullible. In this sense, my vision for the moment diverges from the affirmations of Giorgio Saba who, if I am not mistaken, places Hades near Sant’Antioco, if I have not misunderstood (I refer the reader to study his work entitled: ” Excuse me, where is Hades? Hypotheses on the ancient history of Sardinia”).
    • Porto Conte : It is located near Alghero and was a Phoenician-Punic port. Archaeological remains and submerged port structures have been discovered in the bay of Porto Conte, suggesting commercial activities and maritime exchanges in the past.
    • Grotta dei Cormorani : This is a submerged cave located in Cala Gonone, on the east coast of Sardinia. The cave is only accessible by scuba diving and has spectacular limestone formations.
    • Neptune’s Caves : Although not completely submerged, the Neptune’s Caves are a series of spectacular coastal caves accessible via the sea or via a rock-cut stairway. They are located near Alghero and are famous for their stalactites and stalagmites.
    • Grotta del Bue Marino : Also located in Cala Gonone, this cave was used in past centuries by marine oxen, a type of monk seal. The cave contains a number of interesting tunnels and tunnels.

    Many of these facilities require access by scuba diving or boat, and some may be subject to restrictions or regulations for the conservation of cultural and natural heritage.

21. Among the archaeological evidence, there are many more than 7000 nuraghes scattered throughout Sardinia, sacred wells, giants’ tombs and many other structures including Dolmens, Menhirs, Domus de Janas… there are many interesting archaeological discoveries in Sardinia. The island has a rich history dating back millennia and there are numerous archaeological sites and structures which provide valuable insight into the past. Some of Sardinia’s most famous archaeological sites include the ancient megalithic buildings called nuraghe, which were built between 1900 and 730 BC. There are nearly 7,000 nuraghes left standing in Sardinia, and some of the most extensive and extraordinary include Su Nuraxi di Barumini and the Nuraghe of Santu Antine. In addition to the nuraghes, in Sardinia there are also several ancient cities that are worth visiting. These include Tharros, which is located on the western coast of Sardinia, and Nora, which is located on the southern coast of the island. Both of these cities have a rich history and offer visitors a glimpse into the past. Other interesting archaeological sites in Sardinia are the statues of Mont’e Prama, the Tomb of the Giants, the Nuragic Village of Tiscali and the Necropolis of Tuvixeddu in Cagliari. These sites provide valuable information on the history and culture of Sardinia and are well worth a visit.
22. Among the possible other proofs of a submersion of the Corsican Sardinian block in the current Mediterranean Sea, there is the presence of many submerged cities. These cities had once been built on dry land: this implies an event of sinking within the current Mediterranean Sea: therefore not only the Corsican Sardinian geological block sank, but many cities, villages and inhabited centers, in various historical periods. It is therefore possible that this sinking activity is still ongoing today, with all the risks and dangers that derive from it. Here is a list of some submerged cities in the Mediterranean: Pavlopetri, Greece Baia, Italy Olous, Greece Dolchiste,
    Turkey
    Atlit
    Yam
    , Israel
    Heracleion, Egypt
23. The Syrtes mentioned by ancient texts:The word “Sirte” comes from the Latin “Syrtis”, which in turn comes from the ancient Greek “Σύρτις” (Súrtis). This term referred to two large sandbars off the coast of Libya, which at this site is the province of Cagliari in present-day Sardinia, and not Libya in Africa. Great Sirte or Syrtis Major is the Latin name for the Gulf of Sirte, a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the coast of Libya, while Little Sirte or Syrtis Minor is the Latin name hitherto attributed to the Gulf of Gabès, a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the east coast of Tunisia. But re-reading Herodotus and reinterpreting the term Libya as “province of Cagliari”, then the Sirtis could become the Gulf of Cagliari and the Gulf of Sant’Antioco in Sardinia. “Σύρτις” (Súrtis) is an Ancient Greek word referring to two large shallow gulfs on the coast of Libya. These gulfs were known to be full of shoals and sandbars, making it difficult for ships to navigate. Until now it was believed that Greater Sirte, or Syrtis Major, was located on the northern coast of African Libya, while Little Sirte, or Syrtis Minor, was located on the eastern coast of Tunisia. This is wrong and this is the reason why until today an aura of mystery hovered over the places near the Syrtis, i.e. Lake Tritonide and the Garden of the Hesperides, impossible to find until today because they were sought in African Libya and Tunisia instead of where they were actually located, i.e. in the current province of Cagliari in Sardinia. Furthermore, “Σύρτις” can also mean “destruction” or “ruin” in ancient Greek. This metaphorical meaning derives from the difficulty of navigating these gulfs due to being washed ashore. However to date, there is no historical evidence to suggest that these gulfs have been associated with literal destruction or ruin. They were important trade routes for ancient Greek navigators and other Mediterranean peoples. As already explained in other parts of this website, the Sardinian-Corsican block was surrounded by mud, and the paleocoasts had a very shallow sea, after the semi-submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block, so the Greek ships arriving from the parts of the Gulf of Cagliari ran aground. It is very interesting to note that there is still a legend linked to the Church of Bonaria in Cagliari, which speaks of a ship that ran aground in the Gulf of Cagliari. My statements are continually reflected in the real world, in the stories, traditions, languages ​​and dialects of the place, even in toponymy. The Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria in Cagliari is a very important place of worship in Sardinia, with a centuries-old history which has its origins in legend. According to legend, on March 25, 1370, a ship was hit by a violent storm and in order to survive it was forced to throw all its cargo into the sea, including a heavy wooden crate. Despite the storm, the chest did not sink and the sailors invoked the Madonna. in the local languages ​​and dialects, even in toponymy. The Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria in Cagliari is a very important place of worship in Sardinia, with a centuries-old history that has its origins in legend. According to legend, on March 25, 1370, a ship was hit by a violent storm and in order to survive it was forced to throw all its cargo into the sea, including a heavy wooden crate. Despite the storm, the chest did not sink and the sailors invoked the Madonna. in the local languages ​​and dialects, even in toponymy. The Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria in Cagliari is a very important place of worship in Sardinia, with a centuries-old history that has its origins in legend. According to legend, on March 25, 1370, a ship was hit by a violent storm and in order to survive it was forced to throw all its cargo into the sea, including a heavy wooden crate. Despite the storm, the chest did not sink and the sailors invoked the Madonna. a ship was hit by a violent storm and to survive was forced to throw all its cargo overboard, including a heavy wooden crate. Despite the storm, the chest did not sink and the sailors invoked the Madonna. a ship was hit by a violent storm and to survive was forced to throw all its cargo overboard, including a heavy wooden crate. Despite the storm, the chest did not sink and the sailors invoked the Madonna. The storm subsided and the crate reached the port of the city of Cagliari and ended its journey on the slopes of the hill of Bonaria ^1 2 . The friars opened the chest and found a statue of the Virgin Mary with the Child Jesus in her arms, who holds a candle that remained lit despite the sea voyage ¹ . This statue became known as Our Lady of Bonaria and became the object of worship of the faithful who climb the stairs on both sides of the altar to venerate it ² .
    Reading this story, referring to 1370 AD, it comes to mind that thousands and thousands of years before it was possible and understandable that an ancient Greek ship could run aground in the depths of the cities and villages that stood in Cagliari on Lake Tritonide. But since Christianity did not exist, while in 1370 religious superstition generated the cult of the Madonna di Bonaria in Cagliari, in prehistory it generated the stories, handed down for millennia, of the Argonauts, Lake Tritonide and the tripod given by Greek sailors to Sardinians in exchange for hospitality, he generated the story of the Syrtes, the Atlas Mountains and the Garden of the Hesperides.
24. The Edict of the Closures: Impacts on Territorial Management and Sardinian Archaeological Heritage:In the 19th century, Sardinia saw the promulgation of the Edict of the Chiudende, a fundamental decree that profoundly influenced the dynamics of land ownership and management on the island. In a period prior to this edict, Sardinian lands generally belonged to collective ownership, being used by shepherds and farmers for agriculture and grazing. However, with its introduction, a new order was established, allowing private entities to demarcate and assert ownership over land. Despite the potential interpretation of the edict as an instrument of agricultural modernization and consolidation of private property, it has triggered devastating consequences on the Sardinian archaeological heritage. The most lamented aspect of this transition has been the unchecked use of historical materials, especially those deriving from the nuraghes: extraordinary megalithic towers, distinctive symbols of the prehistoric culture of the island. Countless owners of land, in the construction of fences or buildings, had the possibility of appropriating materials from the nuraghes, compromising the integrity of these ancient structures. This practice has not only led to the reduction or elimination of many of these historical testimonies, but has precluded archaeologists from the ability to analyze them in their original context. The original number of available archaeological structures has decreased considerably. The erosion of the heritage did not end there. As part of the excavation works related to the fence or other building initiatives, several residents probably came across buried archaeological artifacts: from bronze figures, to ceramic artefacts, to metal ingots, up to statues of considerable value. Many of these discoveries, rather than being reported to the relevant authorities, may have been kept secret or sold, depriving specialists and the community of a full understanding of their significance and value. It can be imagined that the unauthorized commercialization of these finds fueled a black market, with Sardinian artifacts that found a place in the collections of enthusiasts from all over the world, eluding the opportunity for proper cataloging and study. In fact, the archaeological sensitivity we have today is not the same as it was in the past: for example, in Sardinia we have evidence of at least one Pope who gave the order to demolish a series of very ancient Menhirs, as they are considered instruments of worship of pagan deities. Again, here is the Christian religion which tried to destroy the old Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean cults, as they were considered pagans and the fruit of the devil. Sardinia, its repercussions on the archaeological heritage proved profoundly negative. The compromise and looting of Sardinian monuments and artifacts embody a lingering shadow in the island’s cultural history, a warning about the balance between innovation and preservation. although the Edict of the Chiudende had the intention of modernizing agricultural practices and land rights in Sardinia, its repercussions on the archaeological heritage proved to be profoundly negative. The compromise and looting of Sardinian monuments and artifacts embody a lingering shadow in the island’s cultural history, a warning about the balance between innovation and preservation. although the Edict of the Chiudende had the intention of modernizing agricultural practices and land rights in Sardinia, its repercussions on the archaeological heritage proved to be profoundly negative. The compromise and looting of Sardinian monuments and artifacts embody a lingering shadow in the island’s cultural history, a warning about the balance between innovation and preservation.
25. The Amazons of Myrina founded a city on Lake Tritonis: therefore the Amazons of Queen Mirina lived in the Province of Cagliari; as partial confirmation of this all the studies of centuries on the fact that in Sardinia there was a matriarchal civilization; further evidence of the existence of female warriors in the past is obtained from research in the Isles of Scilly. Recent archaeological discoveries in the Isles of Scilly, off the coast of Cornwall, have unearthed the remains of an Iron Age female warrior. The grave, located on Bryher Island, contained a sword and mirror, items which suggest that the woman buried was a high-ranking female warrior. The find has been described as “extraordinary” and “unprecedented” by archaeologists working on the site. The tomb has been dated to around 200 BC and represents one of the few archaeological proofs of the existence of female warriors in antiquity. This discovery offers new perspectives on the life of women in antiquity and their participation in military activities. It could also provide further insight into the legends of the Amazons, a group of female warriors described in Greek mythology. Sources: BBC News, The Guardian.

    There is a lot of archaeological evidence that suggests the existence of female warriors in antiquity. For example, a tomb discovered in 2017 in Armenia revealed the remains of two women who lived about 3,000 years ago and suggest they were involved in military battles, possibly as mounted warriors shooting ^arrows . Additionally, there are many stories of female warriors in various cultures and mythologies, such as the Amazons of Greek mythology ² . Also in Japan, the Onna-musha were female warriors who fought in battle alongside male samurai ³ . In ancient Persia, there was Queen Tomyris, who became queen of the Massegetai upon the death of her husband and fought against her Cyrus of Persia for his kingdom⁴ . These are just a few examples of the many female warriors who have left their mark on history.

26. The Hesperides Islands (in Latin: Hesperidum Insulae) are islands in the Atlantic Ocean (ie in the Sea around Sardinia and Corsica until at least the 5th century BC as evidenced by the writings of Herodotus and the affirmations of Sonchis of Sais) ; in the classical tradition the Esperidi Islands are probably all the islands encountered before reaching the Pillars of Hercules in Carloforte, in particular Sardinia and all the small islands such as Sant’Antioco, Carloforte, Isola dei Cavoli, Serpentara, to name a few . They are also known by the name of Islands of the Ladies of the West because the Amazons, i.e. the Ladies of the West, lived there, on Lake Tritonide of Cagliari and its province, up to the current Capoterra.
27. According to my autonomous and independent reflections, the possible causes of the sinking of Atlantide Sardo Corsa can be at least three : the slab roll back of geological settlement of the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian island ; the Meltwater Pulses, especially perhaps the Meltwater Pulse 1b ; I hypothesized the presence under the Sulcis of a Wadati-Benioff zonewhich starts at least from the Strait of Gibraltar and reaches at least as far as Pompeii and Herculaneum, passing under the Sulcis. This fault, activated in the past, may have caused earthquakes, tidal waves and various destructions, because the epicenter is located right under the Sulcis; therefore even minor earthquakes may have been devastating as they are positioned just below the inhabited, populated area. This fact could also have caused the sinking of Mount Atlas where Poseidon and Clito built the center of the capital of Atlantis. The sinking of the Mount may have been interpreted by the populations as a divine punishment for the arrogance of the people of the Atlanteans, i.e. for the arrogance of the Sulcitani. The ridiculous thing is that today Sulcis is the poorest area in all of Italy. This is just a paradox:The sinking date of the Corsican Sardinian Atlantis has not yet been precisely defined, so in reality the Meltwater Pulses may not be involved in the submersion process . From a geological point of view, there are also at least two points to keep in mind: the geological structure at Graben-Horst of various parts of the Corsican Sardinian territory, in particular of the Campidano ; secondly, the karst phenomenon of sinkholes typical of Sulcis: a violent entry of water could have created immense damage due to the local karst phenomenon, all to be investigated and studied.
28. present-day Corsica was the mountainous part north of Atlantis ; today an island appears because it has been submerged, it is an optical illusion. Corsica and Sardinia were mountain terraces of the island of Atlantis, therefore after the partial catastrophic submersion they remained out of the water, and today we believe that they are two islands, detached, separate, but this is absolutely not true;
29. the Sulcis Mountains were called Atlas Mountains , and took their name from the son of Poseidon called Atlas, the first of 5 pairs of twins, therefore the first of 10 brothers;
30. Fruttidoro di Capoterra is the Garden of the Hesperides;
    The Garden of the Hesperides gave golden fruits, and was located at the ends of the known earth; an analogy has been found with the apparently mythological story of the Hesperides in Sardinian toponymy: there is in fact a locality called Fruttidoro, located in the locality of Capoterra, in Sardinia. Capoterra, from the Sardinian Caputerra, then in Latin “Caput Terrae”, is the “head of the Earth”, i.e. the extreme edge known in antiquity (Paleolithic/Mesolithic, around about 11,600 years ago, to have an approximate but useful date for understanding), while the current location of Fruttidoro in Capoterra would be the legendary Garden of the Hesperides. This new discovery has not yet been counter-validated by scholars, nor have stratigraphies been carried out for the relative counter-verification, from Wikipedia we learn that ” The excavations returned various Nuragic and Mycenaean ceramics (coming from Argolis , Crete  , and  Cyprus ^[1] ) of the Mycenaean III B and Mycenaean III C types dating back to the  14th – 13th  and  13th – 12th centuries respectively BC  as evidence of the important exchanges that took place between the  Nuragic civilization  and the  Mycenaean one “.Mycenaean pottery is the pottery tradition associated with the Mycenaean period in ancient Greece, which lasted from 1550 to 1050 BC. It included a variety of styles and shapes, including the stirrup vessel, and was heavily influenced by Minoan precedents based on Crete. Mycenaean pottery typically displays stylized representations of marine and plant life and displays an affinity for minimalistic linear designs, a trend that would influence the early pottery of Archaic and Classical Ancient Greece from the 9th century BC. Mycenaean pottery made with the wheel ( 1550-1450 BC) from mainland Greece has been described as “provincial Cretan”, meaning that although it was produced on mainland Greece, it was heavily influenced by Minoan pottery. Manunza wrote of Nuragic and Mycenaean artifacts along a Bronze Age road near Bia ‘e Palma, Selargius (CA)  ¹ . Furthermore, there is an article by Donatella Salvi on the archaic majolica of the well of Bia ‘e Palma in Selargius  ². So the contacts between ancient Sardinians and Mycenaean populations are clearly demonstrated by archaeological and historical data, as well as by the artifacts found which demonstrate a relationship between these peoples. It is therefore not a matter of fantasy, but there are concrete, historical, archaeological and documented proofs by well-known professionals. The evidence in support of this hypothesis is therefore numerous and delocalized in several geographical points of southern Sardinia: there is evidence of contacts between Sardinia and the eastern Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. For example, Mycenaean pottery has been found in a Nuragic environment ¹ . After 1200 BC, with the economic and political collapse of the palace cultures in Mycenae and Crete, only the Cypriots continued trade with Sardinia^1. Yes, the Nuragic civilization was not isolated and closed, but fully integrated into the dynamics of commercial and cultural exchanges that characterized life in the Mediterranean at that time. One of the civilizations with which the Nuragic Sardinians had certainly established a relationship of systematic and intense commercial and cultural exchanges was that of the Mycenaeans, interested in the metal trade. Evidence of such relationships has been found in Sardinia in the form of several significant pottery finds. Well known are the fragments of Mycenaean pottery found in the Antigori nuraghe, significantly located on the southern coast of Sardinia, near Sarroch, but also the so-called “alabastron” found in the Arrubiu nuraghe in Orroli .Equally important and interesting is the ivory head of Mitza Purdia (Decimoputzu) which depicts a character with a helmet similar to those described in Homeric works as typical of Achaean warriors. This evidence suggests that the Nuragic Sardinians had established a relationship of systematic and intense commercial and cultural exchanges with the Mycenaeans, who were interested in the metal trade. Therefore, there is a greater probability that the legend or myth of the Garden of the Hesperides is nothing more than the result of the first contacts between these populations. 

    

    If all this turns out to be correct, as it is now clear to the writer, it means that at least three Sardinian women of Capoterra were called Hesperides. But then what was this Mythological Garden? Is it a structure? Of what nature? Will it be possible, by carrying out core drilling and stratigraphy, to find Neolithic, Mesolithic or Paleolithic remains that can validate that structures, peoples, civilians were present millennia ago? Why Hesperides? Why the name Hesperides? And what really happened?

    Now rereading the myth of the Garden of the Hesperides with this new information, it would seem that an ancient Greek man named Hercules headed towards the beach of Frutti d’Oro in Capoterra, docked and established some form of relationship with the inhabitants of Capoterra. The myth says that his purpose was to steal three golden apples. Today, however, we can only make assumptions: was it an orange tree? There were no oranges in Greece, and so Hercules was sent to steal three oranges so that he could then plant them in Greece and grow them independently?

    

    How was Hercules welcomed by the inhabitants of Capoterra? In friendship? Why are not men named, but the dragon Ladon? What was this dragon coiled around the tree? Did the Capoterrese give him and his sailor friends a drink? Did they offer them fruit from a Garden to feed them because on ships they risked catching scurvy? Did they offer him lemons to cure scurvy? Or what could these “golden fruits” be? Was there really a tree with golden fruit hanging, perhaps dedicated to some divinity, or did these fruits only have the color of gold? Was it really an apple tree? But then the gold-colored variant of the apple existed only in Capoterra, and did the Greeks “stole” it to plant it in Greece? If this episode has been handed down over the millennia, perhaps it contains some very important information: why was Ercole sent to “steal” from Frutti D’Oro of Capoterra? What exactly was he supposed to steal? A variant of fruit that existed only in Capoterra? This type of philosophical-scientific investigation also requires the contribution of expert botanists, so it is not easy to solve. Already the paleogeographic part required to combine hundreds of pieces of information from different disciplines.

    While the potential discovery, supported by the statements of ancient historians, is extraordinary and jaw-dropping in wonder, it nevertheless raises far more questions than it answers.

    Hercules at Capoterra in present-day Sardinia. But was it already Sardinia or was it still the legendary Sardinian Corsican island currently semi-submerged? When Hercules landed in Capoterra, had the Sardinian-Corsican geological block already sunk?

    

    The Garden of the Hesperides was located in the Atlantic Ocean (Paleolithic), which as explained on the site atlantisfound.it, was the Paleolithic/Mesolithic name of the sea that surrounded the island which was then Sardinian-Corso-Atlantean land. The Hesperides Islands must therefore have been the archaic names with which Sardinia and Corsica were defined in the millennia following the semi-submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block. Hesperidum Insulae, “The Islands of the Evening”, because at sunset, when the Greeks looked towards the west, sailing in that direction from their most remote position, i.e. with great probability the island of Ischia, they saw 2 distant islands, which today are known with the names of Sardinia and Corsica, and which are plateaus of emerged land of the semi-submerged Sardinian-Corsican geological block. The linguist and glottologist Massimo Pittau analyzed the location of the Garden of the Hesperides, placing it presumably in Sardinia and pointing out that it was still a legend; I, on the other hand, in my bold ignorance, go further and propose that it is not a legend, but a place that really existed located in Fruttidoro di Capoterra, according to what is stated in other terms by the myth.

    Obviously, a serious scholar should study all the toponymy of Capoterra and nearby localities, to verify the oldest names to which it is possible to go back and if in the past they were called in other ways. In any case, a good analysis based on satellite archeology would be appropriate, to highlight very ancient settlements, Mesolithic or Neolithic, present on the site or UNDER the site (because most likely by now they will be submerged by the superimposed layers over the millennia). Following these interpretations, we can analyze other aspects of mythology: Teti was a Sardinian. Peleus married a Sardinian, but the Greeks called them “nymphs of the sea”. The garden of the Hesperides is in Fruttidoro di Capoterra, in Sardinia, between the Atlas mountains, i.e. the Sulcis mountains, and the Palaeolithic Atlantic Ocean, i.e. the current Mediterranean. Teti was the eponym of the Sardinian city still called Teti today. Wild boar hunting therefore took place in Sardinia: this use still exists. Re-reading the myth in this key, each piece falls into place and all these stories begin to take on a perfectly logical sense. In the Paleolithic, the Ocean of Atlantis, or the Atlantic Ocean, was the name that designated part of the current Mediterranean Sea, as in the image below

    

     In light green it is possible to see the whole part of the Corsican Sardinian block which was submerged around 9600 BC by a geological catastrophe, also described precisely in Timaeus, which is precisely a text not only on cosmology, but also on astronomical geography , geography and geology.

    

    But since in the historical period, under the Romans, the Atlantic Ocean was named Mare Nostrum, the Paleolithic nomenclature had now disappeared from most of the texts. However, many scholars and ancient texts still reported the word Atlantic Ocean. Later, it was called the Mediterranean, for which the scholars/scientists of the last 2000 years or so focused on looking for the island of Atlantis, i.e. the Sardinian-Corsican geological block that was semi-submerged in about 9600 BC, in the wrong place: that’s why no one has ever found.

    If it were shown that the author of the article was telling the truth and that the Garden of the Hesperides was a real place located in Frutti D’Oro di Capoterra in Sardinia, this could have important implications for the understanding of ancient history and mythology. It could provide new information on the diffusion of myths and legends and on their relationship with historical reality. Furthermore, it could stimulate further research and archaeological excavations in the area to look for more evidence to support this theory.

    All explanations on the website https://www.atlantisfound.it/it_it/2023/02/12/che-atlantide-sia-il-blocco-sardo-corso-sommerso

    Update of July 18, 2023

    Yesterday afternoon I, Luigi Usai, woke up after a few hours of sleep. It has been months since I have had no time to sleep: I sleep when I’m exhausted, at any time of the day or night, for as long as I need. This has favored my dream activity, which will not be the subject of explanations or disclosure here. Yesterday, suddenly woke up, I don’t know why I looked for online documentation, stumbling upon a text that quoted Herodotus on the Atlantean people:

    while I was reading the text of Herodotus translated into Italian I exploded in exclamations of joy: the text of Herodotus speaks of Sulcis in Sardinia! What Herodotus says confirms all my statements regarding the Sulcis Capital of Atlantis! I was very excited and full of joy, but at the same time full of sadness: it is impossible to communicate these discoveries to the scientific world. Unfortunately, the majority of scholars are so full of what Blaise Pascal called the “Arrogance of the Learned”, that it becomes very difficult to share one’s scientific discoveries.

    THE TEXTS OF THE STORIES OF HERODOTUS SCIENTIFICALLY CONFIRM THAT THE PEOPLE OF THE ATLANTES ARE ESTABLISHED IN THE SULCIS, IN THE PRESENT SARDINIA.

    With this text, I invite the World Scientific Community to verify and counter-validate my statements, which are public from now on. Now that the claims that Atlantis is the Sardinian-Corsican Geological Block semi-submerged in the Paleolithic Atlantic Ocean are confirmed in the texts of Herodotus. I publicly and officially ask for verification by scholars from all over the world, in order to be able to bring Knowledge about the Ancient World a few steps further, and to allow new discoveries to scholars from all over the world.

    Thanks in advance to the Scientific Community.

    Slowly, I will paste here a copy of Herodotus’ texts with step-by-step explanation via satellite images showing the veracity of what the Greek historian said.

    the Atlantic Ocean was the paleolithic name of the Mediterranean around the Sardinian-Corsican island;

31. Etymology of Mauretania: Sulcis is inhabited by the Maurreddus. The territories conquered by the Maurreddus were called Maurreddania. In Latin, this geographical name has been mangled, so that in some ancient maps we find the name Maurrettania with two “Rs” and two “Ts”. Later Latin prevailed, so Maurreddania became Mauretania, without doubles, which are typical of the Sardinian language. Many people, to imitate the Sardinian pronunciation, still double the consonants of all Italian words to make fun of the Sardinians or to be ironic, both in an offensive sense and in a purely joking and ironic sense. Therefore, if an ancient text states that “Hercules went to Mauritania”, it should be interpreted as “Hercules went to Sulcis”. Present-day Mauritania is probably so called because it was a land conquered by the Sulcis,
    Therefore, the etymology of the name “Mauretania” does not derive from the Latin word “Maurītānus”, which means “Mauritanian, [one] of the Moors”, nor does it derive from “Maurus” which means “Moor”, from the ancient Greek Μαυρός (Maurós ) ³, but it would derive from the root of the Sardinian term “Maurreddu”, i.e. “Sulcitano”, “inhabitant of Sulcis”. The Sulcis region in Sardinia is inhabited by the Maurreddus, who were later called Mauros or Mauri, and for the phenomenon of monophthongation, Mori. The phenomenon whereby the diphthong “au” becomes “o” is called monophthongization. Monophthongization is the transformation of a diphthong or triphtong into a long vowel. For example, in the evolution of Latin, the diphthong “au” becomes “o” in words such as “laudo”, “plaudo”, “gaudeo”, which give rise to rustic and vulgar forms such as “lodo”, “plodo”, “god(e)o” ¹. Some might object that these are mere theoretical speculations, but in reality these statements are supported by the Sardinian flag and the Corsican flag. The hypothesis that the Mauri or Mori were the Sulcitans of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block is interesting, but I have found evidence to support this theory in my research. However, Sardinian-Corsican flags have some characteristics that could be interpreted as possible evidence to support this hypothesis. The flag of Sardinia, also known as the flag of the four Moors, features four Moor heads of black leather, arranged in a St George’s cross. The flag of Corsica, on the other hand, features a single black leather Moor. Some theories suggest that the Moors represent the four Saracen kings defeated by the Aragonese during the battle of Alcoraz in Spain ¹. Other theories suggest that the Moors represent the judges of the Kingdom of Sardinia or the four historical judges of the island. But under the powerful light of the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean theory, now the meaning of the flags of Sardinia and Corsica take on a totally new and incredible light: it is a matter of a logical reversal. Previously it was believed that the African Moors had conquered, dominated and acculturated the Sardinian Corsicans, while now the principle is reversed: it is the Sardinian Corsicans who have dominated, as Sonchis of Sais affirmed in the Timaeus and in Plato’s Critias, all the North Africa up to Egypt, exporting the Atlantean Corsican Sardinian culture and the megalithic culture, perhaps also for the construction of the Egyptian pyramids. If the latter information were true,
32. Libya, in the fifth century BC, according to the texts of Herodotus and Solon and Plato was then an area in the current province of Cagliari ; the writer Dr. Luigi Usai understood that when Herodotus is talking about Libya, he is not talking about the Libya we know in Africa, but about Libya as a territory in the province of Cagliari . He has noticed that Antaeus is the King of Libya ; using logical induction, he reasoned that if Libya is a portion of the current Campidano in Sardinia, and if Antaeus was the King of Libya, by logical induction then Antaeus was a King of Campidano. Again on an intuitive level, the writer Luigi Usai realized that in fact there is a temple of Antas in Sardinia, which could represent Antaeus as an ancient Sardinian deity. Indeed, if the Temple of Antas is dedicated to the Sardus Pater, why not call it the Temple of Sardus Pater? These reflections and many others, such as the presence of the Amazons on Lake Tritonide in Libya… but this time, reflecting on the fact that Lake Tritonide is in the South of Sardinia, all of Herodotus Geography returns to its correct place. The Libyan Desert instead would be, according to the writer Luigi Usai, the Sardinian Desert of Porto Pino, which is practically unknown to the whole world except for the Sardinians themselves.
    “Atlantis and the secrets of the Sardinian deserts”When it comes to Atlantis, the popular imagination often transports us to distant and mysterious submerged lands. However, the search for this legendary civilization may take us much closer to home than we think, precisely in the sands of the Desert des Agriates in Corsica and in the Sardinian Libyan desert of Porto Pino. The Desert des Agriates, despite its name, is not a real and quite desert in the traditional sense. Instead, it is a wild and rocky area of ​​15,000 hectares between Saint-Florent and Ile-Rousse. But what connects it to the legend of Atlantis? And how does it relate to the Porto Pino desert in Sardinia? Both the Desert des Agriates and the Sardinian Libyan Desert of Porto Pino share a number of unique geological and historical features. Both represent almost inhospitable regions, dominated by sand dunes and characterized by a landscape that seems suspended in time. Archaeological finds in the vicinity of these areas have shown traces of ancient civilizations, which may suggest that they were once thriving areas, before some major cataclysm or climate change. On this site I declare that, in my opinion, when we say that there was also a desert in Atlantis, we are talking about the desert of Porto Pino and that of Corso Des AgriatesIn conclusion, as the search for the legendary Atlantis continues, it is possible that some of the most significant clues are hidden in the sand dunes of our desert neighbors. And while the mystery of Atlantis is now slowly unraveling, areas like the Desert des Agriates and Porto Pino serve as powerful reminders of the ancient civilizations that once dominated these lands and of the secrets they may still hide beneath their sands.
33. the following peoples lived in the territories of present-day Sardinia : Ausei, Maclei, Libi, Atlanti, Ammonii, Nasomonii, Lotofagi, Ethiopian troglodytes; the Giligami are a people of Libya that borders the Adirmachids and the Asbists. They live in a territory that goes from the island of Aphrodisias to the mouth of the Sirte, where silphium is grown. The ammonii, on the other hand, are most likely those who created ammonia: the Ammonii made ammonia; this is not a joke, I will improve this information as I study the subject, but it is already an excellent starting point for researchers who want to delve into the subject on their own.
34. In present-day Sulcis there was a desert flanking at least two salt mountains: one in Carloforte , still present, and one next to Monte Atlante, which now seems to have disappeared (data to be verified) while the other location could be “Perd’ e Sali” which means “Pietra di Sale” in Sardinian : there would therefore have remained only a toponymic reference to that ancient mountain of salt, previously present and therefore today disappeared, perhaps melted due to the rains;
35. the set of lakes of the current Cagliari and Province were seen as a single huge lake, which was called Lake Tritonide;
36. in Lake Tritonide lived the Amazons of Myrina;
37. Lake Tritonide took its name from an ancient ruler then mythologized according to an euhemeristic procedure, as also happened with Poseidon; Lake Tritonide took its name from the ancient ruler Tritone, of which various documents are found in ancient texts;
38. archaeologists are aware that ancient Sardinia was matriarchal, but until now I had never heard any archaeologist claiming that the Amazons were Sardinian, nor that Lake Tritonide is in Cagliari and its province, up to Capoterra; I therefore think that these are my very original ideas and obviously I am convinced that they are also the right ideas, because the whole mosaic puts together all the puzzles that weren’t clear to me. There were too many incomprehensible nonsense in antiquity, but now, by renaming the satellite maps of Cagliari, Sulcis and Southern Sardinia, it all starts to make perfect logical sense again.
39. Herodotus reports that the Atlanteans do not elaborate dreams during the night hours: in fact, the incubation rite took place in Sardinia. As I have never seriously studied it in my life, I cannot explain what it is, but archaeologists will fully understand the implications of this point I am mentioning. This is another proof in favor of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean paradigm. Probably the Sulcitani/Atlanteans were annoyed by the fact of not dreaming, and then the incubation ritual was born for reasons related to the satisfaction of the needs of this people that we may never even understand, unless we find new archaeological sources that explain or clarify these facts.
40. Herodotus mentions in Histories, chapter IV, of mountains of salt ; I think one was in Carloforte where there are still salt pans today : let alone 2500 years ago as it must have been! I think a second mountain of salt was where the Sardinian toponymy still has this name: “Perd’e Sali”, which means “Stone of Salt” in Sardinian Campidanese and Sardinian Sulcis.
41. There is now the possibility that the Temple of Antas in Sardinia is actually the temple of Antaeus . I therefore have to revisit all the sources and texts to understand if this is a new discovery. Bing states that: “The Temple of Antas is a Punic-Roman temple located in Fluminimaggiore, in southern Sardinia, Italy. It is dedicated to the worship of the eponymous god of the Sardinians, Sardus Pater Babai (Sid Addir for the Carthaginians) ¹ . The archaeological complex includes a Nuragic village and necropolis, a Punic temple, a Roman temple and Roman quarries ²The temple was built with local limestone and is located in a valley dominated by Mount Conca s’Omu. The current monument is the Roman one, discovered by General La Marmora in 1836 and restored in 1967.  Built in various phases with local limestone, an access stairway and a podium decorated with elegant, perfectly aligned columns remain standing ³ . In antiquity it was already famous, mentioned by the Egyptian geographer Ptolemy (2nd century AD). “
42. Sardinia or Sardinian Corsican Atlantis was also called Nesos Espera . The Esperidi Islands are therefore Sardinia and Corsica and small islets such as S. Antioco and Carloforte; Esperidi is an adjective that designates the women who live in Espera, that is in Sardinia; Espera is also the name of the westernmost island that remained on Lake Tritonide in the current Stagni di Cagliari. We must therefore be careful not to confuse the term Espera when it refers to Sardinia and when it refers to the island of Lake Tritonide.
43. In this study, we propose a new perspective for archaeologists regarding the mythological figure of the Minotaur. In particular, we suggest exploring the possibility that the Minotaur is a Sardinian-Corsican mythological figure, and making comparisons between the Minotaur and the legendary Sardinian creatures Su Boe Erchitu and Su Boe Muliache. These creatures are described as follows: “Su Boe Erchitu is a legendary creature of Sardinian popular tradition. This should not be confused with Su Boe Muliache, another legendary Sardinian creature” (Wikipedia). Furthermore, we propose to examine the possibility that the Minotaur is an ancient Sardinian belief/legend revived in Crete by the Minoans, who were ancient Sardinian-Corsican migrations -Atlanteans in Crete. As known, Arthur Evans has arbitrarily chosen the word “Minoans” to describe this civilization. Furthermore, there is also the androcephalic or bronze bull of Nule, which could confirm these hypotheses. We invite scholars to explore these new avenues of thought and to be open to examining possibilities that until now had been excluded a priori. In particular, we suggest re-examining the toponymy of Sulcis, since the names of the towns that refer to the Platonic myth must have a reason. For example, in Carbonia there is a hamlet called “Acqua Callentis”; next door is Caput Acquas; in Nuxis “S’acqua callenti de Basciu”, S’Acqua callenti de Susu; the medieval town of Acquafredda disappeared, which left the castle of Acquafredda; the source of Zinnigas; and there are even links to Egyptian toponymy: Heliopolis (city of the sun) and in Sulcis Terr’e Soli (land of the sun, Terresoli). Sais in Egypt and Is Sais Inferiore and Is Sais Superiore in Sulcis. Furthermore, we propose to seriously consider this toponymy and to follow these new unexplored paths. For example, the Mesolithic or Neolithic may have used the terms “goats” or “sheep” or “asses” or “pigs” deicticly. Indeed: Cabras (“goats” in Sardinian) is a surname; it is a locality; it is the meeting place of the Giants of Mont’e Prama; e means goats and has a pond. And right in the Sulcis there is the pond Is Brebeis (means “the sheep”, in Sardinian) while there is the pond of Molentargius (molenti means “donkey” in Sardinian) and there is the pond Sale Porcus (porcus means “pigs” in Sardinian). Furthermore, the Cabras pond is the largest in the world, which may suggest that it was caused by tectonics or telluric; furthermore, its duck shape could have some hidden meaning that we still don’t understand well (Titicaca has the shape of a puma hunting a viscacha). Finally, we suggest as a first step for archaeologists or superintendents the immediate obtaining of bathymetries at very high definition of the seabed of all the water basins of Sulcis and Cabras. In particular, we offer bathymetries of the Is Brebeis pond, the Porto Pino pond, the Porto Botte pond and Monte Prano. This would be a great start to explore these new avenues of thinking. Furthermore, we suggest thorough checks in all the caves of Sulcis up to the layers of 9600 BC and beyond. In summary, this study proposes a new perspective for archaeologists regarding the mythological figure of the Minotaur and suggests exploring new avenues of thought regarding the toponymy of Sulcis. We invite scholars to examine these possibilities and to tread these new uncharted paths. We hope that these proposals will stimulate further research and discussion in this field.
44. I’m currently testing the hypothesis that Tartessos is the Sardinian island of Sant’Antioco , but I still don’t have sufficient and incontrovertible proof.
45. Euhemerism : Poseidon was an ancient ruler of the Sardinian-Corsican island, later deified. According to my theory, there is the possibility that in the Sulcis mountains there are still prehistoric remains of the capital of Atlantis, probably covered by debris exactly as happened in Göbekli Tepe. It is therefore a question of applying the same scientific methods to bring to light the historical and scientific artifacts of the Atlantean past.
46. The Basque people is an ancient Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean migration , clearly visible to whoever has sufficient culture to see it: for this purpose we mention the figure of the Zanpantzar  or  Joaldun which is a “genetic” variant of the figures of the Sardinian Mammuttones, the Boes and Sardinian Merdules . The Basque language is also a prehistoric linguistic variant of the Sardinian-Corsican languages ​​and dialects.
    To better understand this post, see the video on youtube:
    
    relating to the Carnaval Ituren – Zubieta 2019 Navarra – Pais Vasco  and see in particular the figure of the Joaldunak of Ituren ( Ioaldunak à Ituren (Navarre)). Zanpantzar  or  Joaldun  is a traditional Basque character from the Navarrese towns  of  Ituren  and  Zubieta  who  announce the arrival of Carnival by waving their cowbells (  joareak  or  joaleak  ) in the last week of January. There are currently  Zanpantzar  appartas in both  Navarre  and the  Basque Country
    (text on Zanpantzar translated from Basque wikipedia). The figure of the Zanpantzar or Joaldun are nothing more than “cultural mutations” of the Sardinian masks of the Boes and Merdules, the Mammuttones and other Sardinian carnival masks, which in the Basque country have changed, as happens in genetic mutations over millennia and millennia. Also noteworthy is the etymological convergence between the toponyms of Ittiri (Sardinian locality) and Ituren (Basque Navarrese locality). There are several similarities between the Sardinian and Basque languages . According to an article in La Nuova Sardegna, there are hundreds of similar words between the two languages, as well as many linguistic affinities . For example, the holly plant is called “galostiu” in Sardinian and “gorostoi” in Basque.There are also similarities in place names, such as the cities of Aritzo in Sardinia and Aritzu in the Basque Country. I want to add that I have personally noticed two rivers called Arrexi and Arantza, which in my Campidanese Sardinian dialect Asseminese mean respectively “Root” (“Arrexi”, which we can also say “Arrexini”) and “Arantza” or “Arantzu” (i.e. orange ), which we can also say “Arangiu”. Among Sardinians the variability of linguistic terms is very famous: in Sardinia there are an infinite number of linguistic mutations that the Sardinians accept fluently, for example the olive, which supplies the oil drupe, the fruit of the olive tree, can be called “olia ”, “obia”, with the meaning of “olive”. We now have incredible linguistic congruences that only a Sardinian understands intuitively, being due to prehistoric Sardinian-Corsican migrations, because those who speak these languages ​​understand it instinctively. If we then add exclusively Sardinian figures such as the Mammuttones and the Boes and the Merdules, and we realize the existence in the Basque countries of the figures ofZanpantzar  or  Joaldun, then the fact that the Basques are an ancient Corsican Sardinian migration becomes more and more clear and evident. Apart from the vocabulary, there are also phonetic similarities between the two languages. For example, neither language has the “V” sound, which is present in most Indo-European languages. Both languages ​​also have the “TZ” sound, which is not present in the surrounding languages. These similarities suggest that there may have been historical connections between the two regions. Some researchers have proposed that there may have been a prehistoric migration from the Iberian Peninsula to Sardinia, which could explain the linguistic similarities.
    It is therefore necessary to establish scientific and academic relations, as well as archaeological and historical ones, between the Basque and Sardinian-Corse Universities, in order to discover all the other relations which show the common prehistoric origins. Until today it was believed, erroneously, that the Basque people had come out of nowhere, because their customs and their language were too different from the French and Spanish ones… in reality they were different simply because the Basque people were Sardinians who they migrated from an area of ​​Sardinia, even if it is not yet clear what it was, to colonize those places.
    To those who have a careful geographical eye, then, it could also happen to notice that the profile of the Sulcis coast and the profile of the Pyrenean coast are almost identical! (Warning, this is my personal intuition not yet proven). So the prehistoric sailors who had arrived on the Pyrenean coast might have felt that geographical place almost identical to their beloved Sulcis, and perhaps this is one of the reasons that led them to land and try to colonize those places: the sense of familiarity with the Sardinian coast of Sulcis.
    Authors of the caliber of Juan Martin Elexpuru they realized the incredible linguistic affinities between Basque and Sardinian, but as has been the case for Sardinia for millennia now, the Atlantean Corsican Sardinian paradigm has been totally overturned: Juan Martin Elexpuru thought that it was the Basques who had “colonized” Sardinia. Instead, the exact opposite happened: it was the Sardinian-Corsicans who colonized the Basque Country, also bringing traditions such as those of the Zanpantzar  or  Joaldun and the uses and customs and language.
    Sardinia and the Basque Country are two European regions that have some cultural and linguistic similarities. Notably, both regions have indigenous languages ​​that are not traceable to any of the Indo-European languages. Furthermore, both regions have an ancient and complex history which has led to the formation of unique and distinctive cultures. However, despite these similarities, the relationship between the two regions has not yet been fully explored. One of the ways to explore this relationship is through the study of population genetics. In particular, the comparison between the Sardinian and Basque populations could provide valuable information on the possible prehistoric origin of the two populations in common. This comparison could be made through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of the two populations. The importance of this comparison lies in the fact that it could provide information on the ancient history of Europe and on the migration of prehistoric populations. Furthermore, it could help to better understand the history of Sardinia and the Basque Country and to strengthen the ties between the two regions. A study published in PubMed compared the mitochondrial DNA of 50 Basque and 50 Sardinian individuals. The study found that the two populations have similar genetic diversity and that both populations have a strong affinity to European populations. Another study published in Nature compared the DNA of 70 ancient individuals collected from 21 archaeological sites in Sardinia with the DNA of other ancient and modern individuals. The study found that the Sardinian population has a complex genetic history and that it has similarities with European and Mediterranean populations. In conclusion, the comparison between the Sardinian and the Basque population could provide valuable information on the possible prehistoric origin of the two populations in common. This comparison could be made through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of the two populations. The importance of this comparison lies in the fact that it could provide information on the early history of Europe and on the migration of prehistoric populations.” The study found that the Sardinian population has a complex genetic history and that it has similarities with European and Mediterranean populations. In conclusion, the comparison between the Sardinian and the Basque population could provide valuable information on the possible prehistoric origin of the two populations in common. This comparison could be made through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of the two populations. The importance of this comparison lies in the fact that it could provide information on the early history of Europe and on the migration of prehistoric populations.” The study found that the Sardinian population has a complex genetic history and that it has similarities with European and Mediterranean populations. In conclusion, the comparison between the Sardinian and the Basque population could provide valuable information on the possible prehistoric origin of the two populations in common. This comparison could be made through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of the two populations. The importance of this comparison lies in the fact that it could provide information on the early history of Europe and on the migration of prehistoric populations.” the comparison between the Sardinian and Basque populations could provide valuable information on the possible prehistoric origin of the two populations in common. This comparison could be made through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of the two populations. The importance of this comparison lies in the fact that it could provide information on the early history of Europe and on the migration of prehistoric populations.” the comparison between the Sardinian and Basque populations could provide valuable information on the possible prehistoric origin of the two populations in common. This comparison could be made through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of the two populations. The importance of this comparison lies in the fact that it could provide information on the early history of Europe and on the migration of prehistoric populations.”
47. If the Goddess Athena was born on Lake Tritonide , and if my statements turn out to be correct, it means that the ancients were trying to tell us that the Goddess Athena was born in the Lakes in the province of Cagliari. This is incredible: because the priest of Sais tells Sonchis that Athena founded the first city of Athens and the city of Sais in Egypt a thousand years later ; Athena founded the city of Sais in Egypt 8,000 years before Solon’s visit to Egypt, circa 590 BC; this implies that Athena, the Sardinian goddess, founded the city of Sais around 8590 BC; the Sardinian goddess Athena founded the first Athens a thousand years before Sais, therefore around 9590 BC. One thing remains to be clarified:the title of Athena Sarda, goddess of War, was passed as an honorific title from woman to woman in the Sardinian matriarchal system, for thousands of years, how was the title of Pharaoh passed from father to son in ancient Egypt? Was the goddess Athena Sardinian?Minerva is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Athena. They are essentially the same goddess, but with different names due to the different cultures that worshiped them. Minerva was the goddess of wisdom, warfare, art, schools, and commerce in Roman mythology, while Athena had similar roles in Greek mythology. According to some recent studies, it is believed that Aeneas (Aeneas) landed in Castro, Italy, where there was a “rock with the temple of Minerva”. So, if all these reasonings are correct, then Athena is of Sardinian ancestry and the Latin Minerva is a Sardinian goddess. It is therefore possible on a speculative and purely theoretical level that the mother goddess adored by the ancient Mediterranean peoples was none other than a Sardinian divinity called by many names: Athena in Greece, Minerva among the Romans, Neith or Nith or Nit among the Egyptians,Neith (also known as Nit, Net and Neit) is an Egyptian deity belonging to the religion of ancient Egypt. She was the patroness of the city of Sais in Egypt, the city in which the Egyptian priest known as Sonchis of Sais revealed the story of Atlantis to Solon. In Irish mythology Neit (Néit, Nét, Neith) is a god of war. In my opinion, the civilization that may have transported the cult of Neith – Athena – Minerva throughout the Mediterranean Sea may have been precisely the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean culture, and this explains why the Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans brought the cult of the goddess of war Neith also to Ireland. In Ireland, Neit was a god of war in Irish mythology. She was one of the Tuatha Dé Dannan, the latest group of supernatural men to invade the Emerald Isle. The Tuatha Dé Dannan, largely considered as the ancestral gods of the Irish people, are deities of Celtic culture ¹ . There is no evidence to suggest that Egyptians ever visited Ireland or that there are any Egyptian artifacts in Ireland. However, the National Museum of Ireland has a collection of Egyptian finds received during the late 19th century from the excavation divisions of the Egypt Exploration Fund in London, including sites such as Hieraconpolis, Deir el-Bahri, Ehnasya, Oxyrhynchus, Tarkhan and Riqqa ². At this point it is necessary to introduce other information, to clarify for scholars who want to understand better. Sardinia is full of symbols of the Goddess Tanit. In hieroglyphic, the word Tanit is written and read Ta Neith, which means “Land of Neith”. If everything I say is correct, Sardinia is in fact the land of the Goddess Neith, i.e. Sardinia is the land of the Goddess Athena, the Goddess Neith, the Goddess Minerva. Athena is therefore Sardinian. Being very strong claims, it will take some time before scholars find further evidence to confirm my claims, too innovative to be believed immediately. Indeed, Sonchis of Sais speaks of the goddess Neith and Athena in the Platonic texts of Timaeus and Critias. In particular, when Sonchis begins to explain in the text of Timaeus, states that the Greeks worship a goddess who is called Athena in Greek and Neith in Egyptian; Sonchis goes on to state that the Goddess Neith-Athena founded the city of Sais 8,000 years earlier, i.e. in 8590 BC, and then he states that the Goddess Athena founded the first Athens a thousand years before the city of Sais, in 9590 BC . These dates can be obtained scientifically because Solon’s journey to Egypt dates back to 590 BC, thus allowing us to obtain a series of certain dates to which the story refers.Athena is called Parthenos, which means “virgin” in Greek, because, like her fellow goddesses Artemis and Hestia, she was believed to remain a perpetual virgin ¹ . The name Parthenon comes from one of Athena’s many epithets: Athena Parthenos, which means Virgin. Parthenon means “house of Parthenos”, which was the name given in the 5th century BC to the chamber (cella) inside the temple which housed the cult statue, and from the 4th century BC the whole building acquired the name  Parthenon ² . I have found no source suggesting a direct link between the statue of Athena Parthenos and the Amazons’ custom of not marrying unless at least one man has killed themselves. However, the statue of Athena Parthenos, sculpted by Phidias, depicted a fallen Amazon on Athena’s shield ¹ . The Amazons were a nation of warriors in Greek mythology and the subject of the Amazonomachie (battles between the ancient Greeks and the Amazons) was popular in ancient Greek and Roman art ¹ . Furthermore, according to some sources, the Amazons were not favorably disposed towards the institution of marriage, but engaged in sexual activity to justify the continuity of their race, with men of neighboring clans, prisoners of war, or random men they met ² . Herodotus also claimed that the Amazons had a marriage custom which forbade a young woman to marry until she had killed a man in battle ³ .
    Athena is a goddess in Greek mythology, associated with wisdom, warfare, crafts and the arts. According to Greek mythology, Athena was born from the head of Zeus, fully armed and ready for battle. There is no evidence to suggest that Athena was originally from Sardinia or that she was worshiped as a Sardinian goddess.Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that Athena’s title was passed from woman to woman in the Sardinian matriarchal system. Minerva is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Athena and had similar roles in Roman mythology. Neith is an Egyptian goddess belonging to the Ancient Egyptian religion and was the patroness of the city of Sais in Egypt. In Irish mythology, Neit was a god of war. There is no evidence to suggest that Neith was worshiped as a Sardinian or Irish goddess. Tanit was a Carthaginian goddess associated with fertility, love and pleasure. Many symbols associated with Tanit have been found in Sardinia, but there is no evidence to suggest that Tanit was originally from Sardinia or that she was worshiped as a Sardinian goddess.Actually, the information I have given about Athena’s founding of the cities of Athens and Sais is not supported by any reliable historical or archaeological sources, which is why if it turns out to be correct, it would prove she was an absolute genius, as far as the to my current knowledge (08/19/2023) there is currently no other text that states these things; therefore they seem to be profoundly innovative and original ideas in the scientific landscape. Cicero also expressed himself on the identification of the goddess Neith with Athena, in his work entitled De natura deorum libro 3, 23, 59. In book 3, 23, 59 of Cicero’s De Natura Deorum, an identification is made between the goddess Egyptian Neith and the Greek goddess Athena. Cicero writes: “And as we venerate Minerva, so the Egyptians venerate Neith” (Ita ut Minervam nos,
48. The toponymic part is so complex that I decided to dedicate a separate page to my speculations: https://www.atlantisfound.it/2023/02/25/3207-toponimi-sardi-iniziano-per-funt-funtana-ossia -fountain/
49. Among the purely speculative statements, I point out that I am evaluating the hypothesis according to which the Troglodyte mentioned in some ancient texts could be the area of ​​Olbia in present-day Sardinia. I have to double-check all the sources after having searched and collected them in one textual place. The city of Olbia was located in the Troglodyte: until now it was thought to be a location on the Red Sea; the Troglodytes were a people who “lived in holes”. Now Sardinia today is full of testimonies of “men who lived in natural holes”, i.e. in caves: we have remains sheltered under the rock of Sirri in Carbonia, analyzed among others by Professor Carlo Lugliè; we have the remains found in the Lanaittu cave; I have to gather all the other scientific evidence in order to try to prove these claims. Also, I need to test the hypothesis that there is a correlation in the names of Olbia and Sparta, but I’m not able to provide more details at the moment.
50. The Atlantean Corsican Sardinian paradigm that I theorized with this website and some others, also states that the Latin-Faliscan languages ​​are of Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean derivation. The Latin-Faliscan languages, also known as Veneto-Latin or Western Italic languages, are a group of Indo-European languages ​​historically attested in Lazio, Veneto and Sicily ¹ . Latin and therefore all Neo-Latin languages ^​​1 also belong to this group . The Latin Faliscan languages ​​include the Faliscan language, spoken in the area around Falerii Veteres (modern Civita Castellana) north of the city of Rome, the Latin language, spoken in west-central Italy, the Venetic language, spoken in Italy northeastern by the Veneti (there is no consensus on its classification), and the Sicilian language, spoken in eastern Sicily by the Sicels (there is no consensus on its classification) ¹I have presented a wide range of hypotheses and speculative connections between deities, toponymy, mythologies and different cultures, however it is important to underline that many of the claims I have made are still largely based on speculation and have not yet found solid support in the literature. academic research or in historical and archaeological sources. The connections between different deities and cultures can be interesting to explore, but it is crucial to maintain a critical perspective and base the claims on hard evidence and rigorous analysis. Interpretations of names and myths can vary greatly, and there are often several explanations for the similarities one might find. The etymology of names, the cultural and linguistic ties are complex and require rigorous philological and historical analysis to be understood correctly. Scholars work to make connections based on reliable evidence and scientific methods, and it is important to adhere to these standards when formulating hypotheses. It should be remembered that the Goddess Athena, like many other deities, has a complex history and mythology that has been subject to interpretation by different cultures over the centuries. While some of my hypotheses may turn out to be interesting or suggestive, it is important to take into account the lack of definitive evidence and rigorous scientific approach when exploring these topics. The academic community requires a body of convincing evidence before accepting new theories and connections,
51. Phorcys (Ancient Greek: Φόρκος, Phórcos) also known as Phorcys or Phorcys (Ancient Greek: Φόρκυς, Phórkys) was probably the mythologized ruler of the three islands beyond the Pillars of Hercules in the Atlantic Ocean. Now, according to my theory, if the Atlantic is the sea of ​​Sardinia and Corsica, and if the Pillars of Hercules are the Pillars of Carloforte, then Phorcys turns out to be the mythologized ruler of the three islands that we know today as Ibiza, Majorca and Menorca. Phorcys had three daughters, known as the Gorgons (Γοργώνες). Now let’s get into the details of this speculative vision: Phorcys may really be sovereign of the three Balearic Islands; the first hypothesis is that he really had three daughters, and that he gave an island to each: one to Medusa, one to Steno and one to Euryale. The second hypothesis is that he had no daughter: his “daughters” are the islands themselves, and so I’m considering the hypothesis that the names of the daughters were the codenames of the Balearic Islands. In ancient times it was customary to keep commercial and cultural secrets on various occasions, and it still happens today with the so-called guardianship ofknow-how and trade secrets. As a prime example there is a story that tells of a Pythagorean named Hippasus of Metapontum who is said to have revealed a secret of the Pythagorean school and was killed for it. According to legend, Hippasus would have discovered that the ratio between the diagonal of a square and its side can be expressed through an irrational number, the square root of 2. This discovery was in total dissonance with the beliefs of the Pythagoreans themselves, unacceptable for that sort of religion which was Pythagorean mysticism, based on the idea that number was the essence of nature. The Pythagoreans wanted to keep the secret but Hippasus let it slip and was drowned in the sea ¹ .
    As a second example, trade secrets also existed for glass techniques. For example, in the Republic of Venice, glassmaking was a very important activity and Venetian glassmakers were famous throughout Europe for their skill. To protect their trade secrets, Venetian glassmakers were only required to work on the island of Murano and could not leave the Republic without permission. Furthermore, it was forbidden to disclose glass-making techniques to people outside the glassmaking community. These measures were aimed at protecting the trade secrets of Venetian glassmakers and maintaining their competitive edge.
    This intuition dated 08/02/2023 after reading the text “ Among the myths interpreted by Palefato there is also that relating to the daughters of Phòrkus” on the page:
    https://www.attiliomastino.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94:isole-educazione-di-attilio-mastino-a-carloforte-tavola-rotonda-con-umberto-eco- 26-June-2010-&catid=41:archive&Itemid=64
    Suppose it’s all true: why would they do it? Those who discovered a new trade route did not want others to steal the opportunities that came from trading with the newly discovered routes. Probably, to keep the secret, they invented stories to scare off potential competitors. In this way, knowing that the Gorgons would have turned them into stone, they would have stayed away from the new trade routes, and whoever had discovered them could do very lucrative business. If this is correct, it is clear that the traders, having reached the Balearic Islands of the Gorgons, therefore needed linguists and translators who could help them understand these new populations, the names of products and goods, the laws, to establish new commercial relations and social.
52. Christianization of the very ancient myth of Medusa in Sardinia : in my opinion the myth of Medusa, who petrified people, has been Christianized in the story of the Scultone di Baunei in Sardinia. The Scultone is a mythological creature present in Sardinian folk legends. It is a reptilian dragon-like animal that killed both men and animals. According to a legend, the escape of a dragon called Scultone would have opened the Golgo chasm near Baunei (NU). According to another legend, Peter the Apostle would have definitively eliminated the Scultone with a clever trick: since the gaze of the Scultone had the power to kill, Peter would have looked at him through a small mirror, neutralizing this power. As for the myth of Medusa and Perseus, Medusa was one of the three Gorgons, monstrous sisters with snakes for hair. Anyone who looked into Medusa’s eyes would be petrified. Perseus was the son of Zeus and Danae, and was commissioned by King Polydette to bring him the head of Medusa. With the help of the gods, Perseus managed to decapitate Medusa while she slept, using a reflective shield to avoid looking into her eyes. Later, Perseus used Medusa’s head as a weapon to petrify his enemies. Interestingly, both tales have similar elements: in the myth of Medusa and Perseus, Perseus neutralizes Medusa by looking at her reflection in a mirror, while in the legend of the Scultone, Peter the Apostle neutralizes the Scultone using a small mirror. Both Medusa and the Scultone petrify whoever looks at them. Medusa is defeated by Perseus with her image mirrored in a shield, while Scultone is defeated by St. Peter with her image mirrored in a hand mirror. In my opinion, we are dealing with a reconversion of the story to adapt it to the new Christian sensitivity which by now, for about two thousand years, had become dominant in Sardinia: we must not forget that there is even an island dedicated to St. Peter, right next to the Colonne d’Ercole placed in Carloforte: the Island of San Pietro in Sardinia.
53. I have detected an error in the date of the sinking of Atlantis in my own initial hypothesis. 9600 BC is the foundation date of the first Athens, the one mentioned in Timaeus and Critias, the famous works of Plato. So the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian island cannot be sunk in 9600 BC, because Athens had just been founded, while Sais was founded by Athena, according to what Sonchis of Sais said, around 8600 BC. Athens had particular laws, which were later borrowed from the Egyptian legislation of Sais, for example the division into social classes, shepherds, soldiers, priests… Athens became wonderful and capable of extraordinary things, but at a certain point an external power, in The Atlantic Ocean, i.e. in the Sea of ​​Sardinia, tries to invade the sea on this side of the Colonne di Carloforte, now known as the Pillars of Hercules. However, the date of the invasion is not written: this is the trauma, the serious problem. At this moment we have no clear idea of ​​what date Sonchis is speaking to Solon. During the clash between Athens and Atlantis, a submersion phenomenon occurs, during which Sardinian Corsican Atlantis is partially submerged and the entire Greek army sinks under the sea. Therefore, given that Athens was founded around 9600 BC, given that it has become very powerful and extraordinary and capable of incredible feats, it is possible that even thousands of years have passed: it is this very long time that may have made it exceptional: enormous capacities, very long times extended for millennia that may have perfected and refined the culture and technique. However, we have the testimony of the Temple of Medinet Abu where it is said that the “Nun came out of his bed”, “The Ocean came out of his bed”: it can really be this, perhaps the episode described by Sonchis to Solon. In this case, the date of submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican paleocoasts would be around 1200 BC and not in 9600.
54. 08/03/2023: I’m starting to seriously evaluate the hypothesis that the theft of the golden fleece was linked to the theft of sea byssus from Sant’Antioco and its province; now that the Garden of the Hesperides is located in Frutti d’Oro of Capoterra; now that Lake Tritonide is the sum of the lakes lying between Cagliari and Capoterra; now that the Atlas Mountains are the Sulcis Mountains, everything seems to suggest that the Greeks had heard of the importance of marine byssus for the Sardinians: in fact, it is so precious that it cannot be bought with money, it can only be donated. If it was like this even millennia ago, then it is possible that the Greeks understood its incredible preciousness and decided to steal the precious Sardinian fabric. This theft would later be mythologized as the Theft of the Golden Fleece. At present I am still in the analysis phase of this hypothesis; seems very plausible to me, but evidence is needed for a possible demonstration. Perhaps it will be impossible to demonstrate that the Golden Fleece was a Sardinian marine byssus fabric from Sant’Antioco or its province, however it is a worthy undertaking to prove. It would also bring the mythical tale back to reality. New Discovery: As of today, I found the following source online:
    “THE GOLDEN FLEECE? It was the BYSSUS!” Shardana the Peoples of the Sea (Leonardo Melis). Accessed August 3, 2023.  http://shardanaleo.blogspot.com/2013/09/il-vello-doro-era-il-bisso.html .
    which confirms to me that, if I have not misunderstood, about a decade ago the very kind Leonardo Melis had my same intuition, at least 10 years before me. Incredible. The date of the article is Sunday September 29, 2013, so I had this intuition almost 10 years later. The only difference is that I am providing a disproportionate amount of information to support this, and all converge towards the confirmation of this hypothesis, which stated alone, could have seemed impossible. If the hypothesis is correct, if I am not mistaken, it should follow that Colchis was the area of ​​Carloforte, Sant’Antioco, and who knows, perhaps as far as Gonnesa, Bacu Abis etc. Now, the next job will be to take up all the texts that mention Colchis and study them one by one until you find information that confirms or denies what is stated here and what was said by the very kind Leonardo Melis before me. Among the ancient texts that speak of Colchis, we can mention the works of Apollonio Rodio, who in his epic poem “Le Argonautiche” tells the story of the expedition of the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. Even Hesiod, in his “Theogony”, mentions Colchis as the place where the garden of the Hesperides was located, guarded by the dragon Ladon. Furthermore, authors such as Herodotus, Strabo and Diodorus Siculus provide insight into the geography and history of Colchis in their historical and geographical works. So there is some sort of logical consistency: Among the ancient texts that speak of Colchis, we can mention the works of Apollonio Rodio, who in his epic poem “Le Argonautiche” narrates the story of the expedition of the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. Even Hesiod, in his “Theogony”, mentions Colchis as the place where the garden of the Hesperides was located, guarded by the dragon Ladon. Furthermore, authors such as Herodotus, Strabo and Diodorus Siculus provide insight into the geography and history of Colchis in their historical and geographical works. So there is some sort of logical consistency: Among the ancient texts that speak of Colchis, we can mention the works of Apollonio Rodio, who in his epic poem “Le Argonautiche” narrates the story of the expedition of the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. Even Hesiod, in his “Theogony”, mentions Colchis as the place where the garden of the Hesperides was located, guarded by the dragon Ladon. Furthermore, authors such as Herodotus, Strabo and Diodorus Siculus provide insight into the geography and history of Colchis in their historical and geographical works. So there is some sort of logical consistency: mentions Colchis as the place where the garden of the Hesperides was located, guarded by the dragon Ladon. Furthermore, authors such as Herodotus, Strabo and Diodorus Siculus provide insight into the geography and history of Colchis in their historical and geographical works. So there is some sort of logical consistency: mentions Colchis as the place where the garden of the Hesperides was located, guarded by the dragon Ladon. Furthermore, authors such as Herodotus, Strabo and Diodorus Siculus provide insight into the geography and history of Colchis in their historical and geographical works. So there is some sort of logical consistency:if in Hesiod and Apollonio Rodio Colchis is the name of present-day South Sardinia, the whole discourse becomes once again coherent and sensible . But if all this is true, then it will be necessary to recreate the ancient cartographies again and reposition the geographical names correctly , to allow new scholars and researchers not to make the same mistakes we have made up to now.
55. Coastal shipping: let’s start with the data. The Uluburun Wreck is a Late Bronze Age wreck dating back to the late 14th century BC ¹ . It was discovered near the east coast of Uluburun (Big Cape), Turkey in the Mediterranean Sea. The wreck was discovered in the summer of 1982 by Mehmed Çakir, a local diver from Yalıkavak, a village near Bodrum  ¹. The navigation of the Uluburun wreck, according to my current state of knowledge, is coastal. This means that in the 14th century BC people sailed keeping the coasts in sight, in order to be able to save themselves by swimming in the event of the vessel sinking. Probably, while he was sailing on sight in North Africa, a storm may have pushed a ship of Greek sailors off course, which ended up beyond the Atlantic Ocean, as they called the Sea of ​​Sardinia and Corsica at the time, always according to my theory. Ended up in what we now call the Gulf of Cagliari, they saw an immense large lake which they called Tritonide, probably after the first contacts with the natives (natives means local inhabitants, i.e. the ancient Sardinians). There is also a toponymic correspondence with the Garden of the Hesperides and Golden Fruits of Capoterra, as already explained elsewhere in this text. There is therefore a dense probability that the Faraglioni of Carloforte marked the limit beyond which not to go because beyond that one went into the open sea without the possibility of coastal navigation on sight. That’s why in my opinion that was the edge of the world known to the ancient Greeks, at least in the 14th century BC. So in my opinion the known limit was not the Strait of Gibraltar, but the Pillars of Hercules of Carloforte in Sardinia as defined by Professor Giorgio Saba. By moving the Pillars of Hercules it is possible to understand what Sonchis of Sais was saying in his speeches to Solon; it is possible to macro-locate the toponymic position of the Garden of the Hesperides; you can find Atlantis and the Atlas Mountains. It is possible to locate what Lake Tritonide was and its position: with my general theory it is possible to understand why various authors speak of North Africa: Cagliari is REALLY positioned in North Africa, only that it is separated by a short stretch of sea . But until now, scholars have interpreted the phrase North Africa literally, erroneously believing that we were talking about the northernmost part of African territory, i.e. present-day Tunisia or Libya. All the Mycenaean finds in our possession archaeologically and scientifically show the contacts between the Mycenaean Greek populations and southern Sardinia, empirically confirming, at least on a theoretical level, what I affirmed. Until today, the scientific paradigm has been to hypothesize the Pillars of Hercules in Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean beyond, but this paradigm seems to be inaccurate: the Pillars ended up in Gibraltar only many centuries or millennia later. Before that, the real and most ancient Pillars of Hercules were located in what we now call Faraglione Antiche Colonne di Carloforte, between the islands of Carloforte and Sant’Antioco. The discovery of Professor Giorgio Saba is extraordinary, breathtaking. This new, precious information puts Sardinia, and consequently the Sardinian-Corsican geological block, at the extreme western limit of the ancient Greek and Mycenaean world. This paradigm shift leads us to imagine the first linguistic and cultural exchanges between these peoples, for which linguistics is fully affected by the consequences of the statements made here: the Mycenaean and ancient Sardinian languages ​​are mixed, with contaminations deriving from prehistoric contacts between these populations. Therefore it is necessary to restore study dignity to Sardinian languages ​​and dialects, to Sardinian culture in general, which seems to have been ignored or downgraded for a long time, deprived of its real importance for the ancient world. In Italy we study ancient and modern Greek, ancient, classical and medieval Latin at university, but no one seems interested in studying languages, Sardinian dialects neither ancient nor modern, it’s as if we were ashamed: Why? Why have we made these ancient and modern languages, dialects and cultures lose their teaching dignity? Sardinians themselves are ashamed of their language, and when they use it it almost seems as if they are “contaminating” the Italian language. All of that absolutely needs to change. We must put Sardinia and the Sardinian-Corsican bloc back in its place in antiquity and history, in geography and linguistics, in the history of trade and culture and tourism. This is what real scientists would do. However, the problem becomes more complicated: here for now we have spoken of Sardinian languages ​​and dialects, and we need to clarify; from the IV book of the Stories of Herodotus, if we interpret the present province of Cagliari as Libya, we deduce that the south of present-day Sardinia was a melting pot of peoples and cultures, not a single identity:
56. At this point I would like to underline an intuition that I had and that could have interesting implications. At the moment it is only a hypothesis without certain foundation, purely speculative. I was struck by the homonymy between the Pyramid of Giza and the Gizanti people. After I have already shown in these texts the strange proximity between ancient Egypt and the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean peoples, it would not surprise me to discover or who knows, perhaps demonstrate, later on, a possible relationship between the Gizanti people of Colchis in Sardinia and the construction of the pyramid of Giza. It is an abstract hypothesis, completely unfounded, but it can be an intriguing new way of study and creative research, even if it turns out to be totally wrong and unfounded.
57.  Geocriticism is a method of literary analysis and literary theory that incorporates the study of geographic space. Using this method, we can examine how the theories of the writer Luigi Usai on the discovery of Atlantis, the Garden of the Hesperides, Lake Tritonide, the Amazons of Myrina relate to the geographical space, in particular to the ancient geographical space and to the new reintegration of Sardinia and its islands within ancient mapping systems. If what is stated on this site and in the books published by Luigi Usai, then it will be necessary to create ancient cartography again, to facilitate the learning of antiquity for the new generations of scholars, historians, geographers, philologists, philosophers, geologists and so on. According to Luigi Usai, the Pillars of Hercules are located in Carloforte as stated in the book by Giorgio Saba, near the island of San Pietro, in Sardinia. Giorgio Saba’s discovery offers us a new perspective on the geography of Sardinia and its relationship with ancient mythology. Furthermore, Luigi Usai has proposed that Sulcis is the capital of Atlantis and that Atlantis is the partially submerged Sardinian-Corsican geological block. These theories offer us a new understanding of the geography of Sardinia and Corsica and their relation to ancient history. Geocriticism allows us to examine how these theories relate to geographic space and how this affects our understanding of ancient history. For example, we can examine how the location of the Pillars of Hercules in Carloforte affects our understanding of the ancient mythology and geography of Sardinia. Furthermore, we can examine how Luigi Usai’s theory of Atlantis and Sulcis affects our understanding of the geography of Sardinia and Corsica and their relation to ancient history.
58. Tamil Nadu Jallikattu: I’m starting to think that this rite could be of Sardinian Corsican Atlantean derivation as well as the bullfight and the games with the bulls of the Cretans. This hypothesis needs to be studied in depth for possible consequences, for example of a linguistic nature.
59. Different cultures around the world have developed practices and rituals involving bulls or other large animals. Here are some of these practices which may have superficial similarities with Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean bullfighting and which in my opinion may have very remote common origins in Sardinian-Corsican culture:
    1. Course camarguaise (France): This is a form of bullfighting traditional in the Camargue region of southern France. Unlike Spanish bullfighting, the goal is not to kill the bull. Rather, raseteurs try to remove a ribbon or cockade from the bull’s horns using only one hand.
    2. Bous al mar (Spain): An event called “Bous al mar” (Bulls at the sea) is held in Denia, in the Valencia region of Spain. The bulls are raced down the streets to a pier, where spectators try to topple them into the sea, while trying to avoid being pushed into the water by the bull.
    3. Rodeo (United States and Canada): While rodeo’s roots are different from bullfighting practices, it shares the element of men seeking to dominate or display prowess against a powerful animal. Events include bull riding, bronchi riding (wild horses), and lassoing.
    4. Zampanzar (Spain): During the San Sebastian festivities in parts of Spain, a bull with a set of flares strapped to its horns is released into the streets. Spectators try to run and get close to the bull without being hit by rockets.
    5. Coleo (Venezuela and Colombia): Although it involves horses rather than bulls, Coleo is a sport in which riders try to bring down a bull or cow by pulling its tail.
    6. Buffalo Racing (India and Thailand): In coastal regions of India, such as Karnataka, and in Thailand, buffalo racing is traditional. While it does not directly involve human-animal wrestling, it does show a display of strength and speed between animals, often with humans trying to control them during the contest.
    7. Cretan Bullfighting: The earliest depictions of bullfighting are found in the Minoan art of ancient Crete (about 2000-1400 BC). They show young athletes jumping on the backs of bulls or doing stunts. It is unclear whether these were religious rites, sporting activities, or both. There is no indication that bulls were killed in these events.
    8. Bullfighting: Spanish bullfighting is a form of bullfighting in which a bullfighter, or matador, fights a bull in a series of stages culminating in the killing of the bull. It has ancient origins and can be traced back to ancient Rome, but the modern form has medieval origins. It has a deep cultural and ritual connection in Spain and other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, but it is also controversial due to animal rights issues.
    9. Jallikattu: Jallikattu has roots in the harvest celebration of Pongal in Tamil Nadu. It is not a bull-killing sport; instead, the goal is to tame the bull or hold on to it. However, it has sparked controversy and debate over animal rights in India, leading to temporary regulations and bans.
60. A hypothesis that at the moment I am not yet able to elaborate better is the following: the languages ​​up to now called Indo-European could actually be Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean languages. It is possible that the Sardinian-Corsicans, in the remote past, may have also reached India, creating some ethnic lineages that have remained there; given the practice of Jallikattu and for other reasons that I cannot list for now, I hypothesize that some Indian ethnic groups, such as the Tamils, are of Sardinian-Corsican origin. They would therefore have linguistic and ethnocultural points in common. However, this is an exclusively theoretical-speculative hypothesis that does not yet have solid foundations. But I want to point it out, if others notice and think they are the first to have thought of it.
61. The Sardinian-Corsican geological block has been submerged for about 11,600 years due to the Meltwater Pulse, i.e. the waves of melt water from the ice after the last glaciation ¹ .
62. The Sardinian-Corsican geological block has a north-south orientation and was home to the species of dwarf elephants (Mammuthus lamarmorae), as described by Plato ¹ .
63. The toponymy of Sulcis recalls the sources of hot and cold water placed by Poseidon on the island of Atlantis: there are localities such as Acquacadda, S’Acqua Callenti de Basciu e de Susu, Acqua Callentis, Zinnigas and Terresoli ^1 2 .
64. Solon heard the story of Atlantis in the Egyptian city of Sais: but Sais is also the name of a hamlet near Narcao in Sulcis and a Sardinian surname ^1 2 .
65. The Villanovan civilization presents Atlantean symbols such as concentric circles and false doors similar to the Sardinian ones; moreover, the genome of the Corsican population has elements in common with that of central Italy ^1 2 .
66. The sinking of the island of Atlantis is also due to the seismic anomaly caused by the accommodation resulting from the lateral slab roll-back ³ .
67. Atlantis had a  port  which also had a  canal :  the Porto Canale is still present in Cagliari in Sardinia .
68. The capital of Atlantis would be located near Teulada in present-day Sardinia . And in fact an American military base has been placed there and all the activities inside it are covered by the State Secret; on this state secret it is possible to read on various online articles, in particular those related to Mauro Pili:
    https://www.unionesarda.it/news-sardegna/cagliari/teulada-mauro-pili-prosciolto-dallaccusa-di-violazione -of-the-state-secret-txv8f83x
69. The sunken city of Athens from 9600 BC was found by Luigi Usai in the Sicily-Malta platform.
70. Atlantis was circular in shape with concentric channels connecting the sea to the central city; this form is found in the three-dimensional backdrops of the Sardinian-Corsican block.
71. Atlantis was rich in precious metals such as gold, silver and orichalcum; these metals are also present in the Sardinian-Corsican area.
72. Archaeological evidence has never been found because it has never been sought: this is because the Sardinian academic and archaeological world, in general, has always considered the discourses on Atlantis as Plato’s fairy tales with literary, political or philosophical intentions. Therefore no one has carried out stratigraphic archaeological excavations in Sardinia that reached 9600 BC.
73. No one to this day has yet figured out the size of Libya and Asia in 9600 BC; no one, to this day, even has a clue what these words stood for, before the sinking of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block in about 9600 BC; however, one can reason to the contrary, and consequently determine that Libya and Asia were in 9600 BC two geographical realities with dimensions smaller than those of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block currently submerged under the Mediterranean.
74. The sunken city of Athens from 9600 BC  was found by Luigi Usai in the Sicily Malta ¹ platform .
75. Professor Salvatore Dedola states in the video on the page
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uW_6U0hbpp4
    at 3:40 that Sardinia is the victim of a “conventio ad excludendum”. It is a Latin term which means “agreement to exclude” and refers to an explicit agreement or a tacit understanding between some social, economic or political parties, which has as its purpose the exclusion of a specific third party from certain forms of alliance , participation or collaboration ¹ . At this point I want to emphasize that I fully agree with what Professor Dedola said; I mentioned it because I don’t want to take credit for a statement made by him, which I fully agree with.
76. Luigi Usai stated in one of his books that the Villanovan civilization is a Sardinian-Corsican migration to Italy. Indeed, a few days ago a Nuragic bronze statuette belonging to the Villanovan civilization was found in Lake Bolsena, and it is the only one found inside a Villanovan house, currently submerged under Lake Bolsena.
77. Among the geological evidence, the mud that surrounded the island of Sardo-Corsican Atlantis was caused by the sea backwash on the coasts, which tore away from the island the land of the original paleocoasts inhabited by the Sardo-Corsican-Atlanteans. The Atlantean paleocoasts are today called by the scientific world with the name of “Sardinian-Corsican continental shelf”.
78. In the shelter of the rock “Su Carroppu” of Sirri, in Sardinia, Mesolithic inhabitants were found, who according to my theory are very likely Atlanteans. In fact, two out of three individuals allowed the analysis of their DNA, which is almost totally different from that of the Neolithic people who colonized the island about three thousand years later, i.e. about 3000 years after the sinking of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block -Atlantean. Consequently, a great deal of information can be derived from this discovery: for example, the Atlanteans inhabited the paleocoasts of the Sardo-Corsican block; they had different DNA; they preyed on resources especially of a marine type, which is in line with the fact that these people worshiped Poseidon, the “God of the Sea”.
79. The discovery of the statue of Atlas from the Olympeion would indirectly confirm that around the 5th or 4th century BC the Atlantean Sardinian-Corsican figure of Atlas was still much venerated in Sicily. The fact that it is called “Telamone” in Italian shows how it seems that archaeologists, even if unconsciously and involuntarily, do everything possible to erase the Atlantean terminology: in fact abroad it is called Atlas in the main world newspaper articles who talk about it. Furthermore, the statue of Atlas is immense in size, suggesting that he was a much loved, revered and respected figure.
80. The Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans, being a sea people, may have spread some stone working techniques such as the Clactonian and the Tayatian along the Atlantic coasts of Europe during their explorations and migrations. This would explain the presence of similar megalithic structures in very distant places. Europe during their explorations and migrations is fascinating and opens up different study perspectives. This theory suggests that the knowledge and skills developed by this adventurous population may have had a lasting impact on the construction of megalithic structures in distant locations. The Clactonian and Tayacian are considered to be two phases of the Lower Paleolithic, characterized by the use of chipped stones and the production of rough stone tools. If the Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans had been able to spread these techniques along the Atlantic coasts, they could have directly influenced the creation of megalithic monuments such as dolmens, menhirs and megalithic complexes in different places. This would explain the similarity in stone-working techniques and architectural styles between different geographic regions. Their advanced navigational skills would have enabled them to navigate marine trade routes and colonize new lands along the Atlantic coasts of Europe. During these voyages of exploration and migration,The presence of similar megalithic structures in distant places could be the result of this exchange of knowledge and skills between the Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans and the local communities along the Atlantic coasts. This phenomenon could also explain why we sometimes see similarities in the names of megalithic sites in different places, such as Karnak and Carnac, which could be a reflection of the diffusion of the Sardinian-Corsican Atlantean culture and language.

    This theory adds an interesting element to our understanding of the diffusion of technologies and cultures in the ancient world. The idea that a maritime people could have influenced the creation of monumental structures in different places through the sharing of knowledge is fascinating and offers an intriguing new perspective on the prehistoric history of Atlantic Europe.

    The Clactonian is a phase of the Lower Paleolithic, a prehistoric period characterized by the use of chipped stone tools and a material culture associated with nomadic hunter-gatherer groups. This phase takes its name from the locality of Clacton-on-Sea in Essex, England, where the first finds belonging to this archaeological tradition were discovered.

    The Clactonian is dated to about 400,000-300,000 years ago and represents one of the earliest expressions of the intentional use of chipped stones for the production of tools and instruments. This phase is part of what archaeologists call the “chipped lithoid industry,” in which stones were deliberately chipped and worked into tools that were useful for various purposes, such as cutting, scraping, and drilling. Clactonian tools include spearheads, scrapers, and other sharp implements.

    Key features of Clactonian tools include rough workmanship, where stones were chipped to create sharp edges without particularly fine finishing. This rough workmanship may have been the result of using tools for specific tasks and needing to replace them frequently. The tools were made mostly from local stone, such as limestone and flint.

    The Clactonian culture has been associated with nomadic human groups who depended on hunting, fishing, and gathering food resources in coastal areas and surrounding environments. Although research and discussions on the geographic scope and spread of this culture are still ongoing, archaeological evidence indicates that Clactonian tools were found in different parts of Europe, especially along the Atlantic coasts.

    The Clactonian represents an early stage in the evolution of human technology, where tools of chipped stone were purposefully used to perform everyday tasks and survive in their surroundings. This phase laid the groundwork for the later development of complex stone tool industries during the Lower Paleolithic.

    The Tayacian is another important phase of the Lower Paleolithic, located chronologically after the Clactonian. It takes its name from the archaeological site of Le Moustier, located in Tayac in France, where finds belonging to this archaeological tradition have been identified.

    The Tayacian is dated to about 300,000-200,000 years ago and is considered a continuation and evolution of the technical and cultural traditions that began with the Clactonian. At this stage, humans continued to use chipped stone tools, but some significant changes and developments occurred in the working of the stones and the tools produced.

    One of the distinguishing characteristics of the Tayaciano is the introduction of a more refined processing of the stones. Tayacian tools are often associated with increased precision in shaping and sharpening tool edges, suggesting improved technical skills in the art of stoneworking. Tools from this stage include spearheads, scrapers, blades, and other utensils, often made using different stages of chipping to achieve specific shapes and functions.

    One of the significant discoveries associated with the Tayacian is the use of stone tools made using the Levallois technique, a controlled chipping technique that allows stone chips to be obtained with a specific and predefined shape. This technique represents a breakthrough in human understanding and mastery of stoneworking.

    From a cultural point of view, the Tayacian represents a stage in the evolution of prehistoric societies, in which technology and technical skills gradually improved. The spread of the Tayacian has been identified in different parts of Europe, showing that this phase had a wider geographical range than its predecessor, the Clactonian.

    In summary, the Tayacian is a key stage in the developmental path of human technology during the Lower Paleolithic. This phase saw improvements in stone working and the art of controlled chipping, paving the way for further technological and cultural developments in the later phases of the Paleolithic. In my opinion it is necessary to seriously study the possibility that these prehistoric phases are due to the export of lithic and cultural techniques by one or more Corsican Sardinian ethnic groups in Europe.

81. The similar names of some sites, such as Karnak and Carnac, could be an echo of the cultural domination and diffusion of the Atlantean Sardinian-Corsican language in a very ancient era. Many place names have prehistoric origins.
82. The construction of megalithic structures required social organization and dissemination of specialized knowledge. The Atlantean Sardinian-Corsicans may have passed on this knowledge to the local populations during their explorations, allowing for the construction of similar monuments throughout Europe.
83. Plato placed Atlantis in the Atlantic Ocean. The Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans, being an insular people, may have actually dominated much of the trade routes and cultural exchanges in the prehistoric Atlantic, as Timaeus and Critias suggest.
84. Some important megalithic sites, such as Stonehenge, could have been influenced, or even built, by the Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans, given their presumed cultural and maritime influence on Western Europe: in fact, before the megalithic Stonehenge was created, it was built in the center of present Sardinia the megalithism of Pranu Mattedu.
85. In Europe there are many cases of alloglossia. In my opinion, several of these alloglossies, such as the Gallo-Italic dialectal variants in Sicily and Piedmont, Veneto, Romagna and Tuscany, can be attributed to linguistic remains of the Sardinian-Corsican Mesolithic and Neolithic colonization throughout Europe, an Atlantean colonization of which the priest of Sais in Egypt to Solon, in the Platonic texts of Timaeus and Critias.
86. A further step in the direction of the study of the territory has been made these days with the declaration made public by the article below of the Unione Sarda, a Sardinian newspaper:
    https://www.unionesarda.it/news-sardegna/scoppia- the-war-at-sgilla-constrained-the-salt-pans-lnilaqrl
87. A cargo of orichalcum has been found in the seas of Sicily, right near the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block : this discovery is described in numerous newspaper articles that have been around the world: here is a short list, which you can cross-check online and on search engines
    https://www.famedisud.it/dal-mare-di-gela-riemerge-loricalco-il-leggendario-metallo-di-atlantide-un-tesoro-di-26-secoli-fa/ https://mondointasca.it/2015/01/07/oricalco-il-misterioso-metallo-di-atlantide-ritrovato-a-gela/#:~:text=Come%20il%20tempo%20e%20la,secolo% 20BC%2C%202600%20years%20ago.https://culturattualita.wordpress.com/2015/01/14/oricalco-legendario-metal-of-atlantis-found-al-largo-della-sicilia/https://caltanissetta.gds.it/video/cultura/2015/03/02/nel-mare-di-gela-lingotti-di-2600-anni-fa-video-c99e3503-14fc-4e1e-b888-334d14fa3da1/
88. Reliability of the maps used by Dr. Luigi Usai : Luigi Usai for the realization of most of the geographical and bathymetric maps, made use of the open European system called Emodnet. EMODnet Map Viewer is a reliable online tool for viewing and analyzing marine data collected by the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) ¹ . With this tool, users can access a wealth of marine data, including marine region information, EMODnet product data, and the latest EMODnet news ² . Therefore the maps and maps used are incredibly accurate and reliable.
89. Sardinia, with its impervious geography and its deep caves, has always aroused the interest of archaeologists and historians. The presence of speleological complexes such as the Grotte Is Zuddas in the Sulcis and many others scattered on the island suggests that these places could have offered refuge and abode to human groups in antiquity. Herodotus, the famous Greek historian, speaks of the Troglodytes, a well-known people to live not in built houses, but in “ravines” or natural caves. The denomination “Troglodytes” literally means “inhabitants of the holes”. For about 2,600 years Herodotus’ descriptions were believed to refer to peoples located in regions far from Sardinia; currently, in light of the new information that emerged with the analyzes of this website, it is plausible to hypothesize that on the island of Sardinia there were ethnic groups with similar habits or even that Sardinia was the place from which the Troglodyte people originated and then spread to the rest of the world. On a speculative level, it is even possible to make a comparison with the peoples who inhabited the Qumran Caves. This theory finds further foundation in the numerous archaeological finds made in different areas of Sardinia. The Pirosu Cave of Su Benatzu, for example, has revealed traces of human settlements. Similarly, the Lanaittu cave has offered tangible evidence of human presence, as has the rock shelter of Su Carroppu di Sirri, in the province of Carbonia, where remains dating back 11,000 years have been discovered. The Grottoes of Neptune in Alghero, famous for their extraordinary beauty, they have also revealed signs of human frequentation in prehistoric times. It should be emphasized that life in caves, although present, does not necessarily imply a primitive life or one devoid of cultural evolution. Often, caves were used as temporary shelters or as sacred places, rather than permanent dwellings. Furthermore, in a geographical context such as that of Sardinia, characterized by a mountainous territory and by a sometimes severe climate, the caves could offer protection and safety. In conclusion, even without drawing definitive conclusions, the numerous finds and the geographical nature of Sardinia indicate that cave life may have accounted for a significant part of the island’s prehistoric history. As always,
90. New speculative hypotheses on the Lotophagi people and on Polyphemus: today’s date 14 August 2023. For months now I have been starting to think that the land of the Lotophagi is in Sardinia, and I am evaluating the hypothesis that the lotus fruit was actually something like Sardinian myrtle. In fact, the Lotophagi were a hospitable people, and they offered the lotus fruit (perhaps myrtle) to the people they hosted. The people hosted therefore forgot everything because the myrtle made them drunk, and the jovial and hospitable climate induced them to stay as guests and to “forget their homeland and family”. As regards the possibility of the presence of Polyphemus or the myth of Polyphemus in Sardinia, there are many sources which could induce a Sardinian to confirm the hypothesis: in fact in Sardinian archeology there are many very ancient structures which are called in the Sardinian language: the house of the ogre (“Sa Domu ‘e S’Orcu” in the Sardinian language). It is probable that these structures are linked to the myths of the ogres or the presence of mythological figures such as those of Polyphemus: probably they were very ancient stories to scare travelers or they could be stories that were told to prevent anyone from exploring and knowing areas geographical areas covered by secrets of various kinds, for example commercial or mining: for example, in order not to discover that in an area there was a mine very rich in a certain mineral, they could invent stories to keep people away from that place.
91. Further developments of the analyses: while surfing the web, I found the phrase “Ercole Cabiro”. Fact: in Porto Malfatano there is a Port of Hercules; in Frutti d’Oro in Sardinia, near Capoterra, there seems to be the Garden of the Hesperides; if the Pillars of Hercules are really in Carloforte, it means that we have a deeply rooted presence of the mythology of Hercules in the South of Sardinia. What can Hercules Cabiro mean? Hercules Sulcitanus? Hercules Campidanese? To analyze this information, it is first necessary to understand who the Cabiri are.The Cabiri were a group of enigmatic deities of the underworld, probably of Phrygian or Thracian origin, and protectors of sailors who were later imported into the Greek rite, where they corresponded to dwarfs sons of the god Hephaestus, who forged metals in his forge of Lemno together with his mother Cabeiro ¹ . They were the object of a mystery cult and were venerated on the island of Samothrace as Great Gods in a mystery cult which had its center in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods and was closely connected to that of Hephaestus ¹The cult of the Cabiri was one of the many mystery cults practiced in antiquity. These cults were characterized by esoteric rites reserved for small groups of initiates, who had the obligation to keep the rites and beliefs of the cult secret. The mystery rites often included sacred symbols, magical ceremonies, sacraments and purification rituals, and were intended to transform the initiate’s life by offering him a perspective of total liberation from his existential problems 2. The enigmatic nature of the Cabiri deities ^and the The darkness that hangs over them has led modern writers to write each their own theory that often conflicts with the others. The origin and meaning of their name as well as their real origin or provenance remain uncertain ¹. Remaining on this waveline: Sardinians are often called “dwarfs” because of their height; in certain parts of Sardinia, Sardinians are on average very short. Hephaestus is Athena’s brother, and on this site I have shown the possible origin of Athena from Lake Tritonide in the province of Cagliari. This would imply that the blacksmith Hephaestus is also of Sardinian origins, a Blacksmith God because the Sardinians, with the mines of Sulcis, were perhaps the first blacksmiths in the world, and the blacksmiths were deified because they “knew how to transmute matter”, they converted earth and stones in metals. At this point, after these series of arguments, I am tempted to hypothesize that the Cabiri are nothing more than a Sardinian ethnic group linked to metallurgy, and therefore, very probably, coming from Sulcis in Sardinia.
92. Possible archaeological misdirections for scholars : it is possible to analyze this article to note the following fact: archaeologists often “attribute” a temple to a divinity, for a thousand reasons. After decades and decades that a temple has been attributed to a Goddess, for example the Goddess Hera – Juno, no one would dream of questioning her attribution anymore. Something extraordinary must happen, such as the discovery of a head of the goddess Athena: then everything is called into question, and it is estimated that temple D in the Valley of the Temples of Akragas (in ancient Greek: Ἀκράγας), hitherto attributedto the Greek goddess Hera (Juno for the Romans) is actually a temple of the goddess Athena. Now we have to multiply this fact by hundreds and hundreds of attributions that have been made up to now, completely excluding the possibility of Sardinian-Corsican influence in the Mediterranean. Once this is done, we can begin to mentally tune into another wavelength, which allows us to understand that the Sardinian-Corsican civilization has been snubbed, avoided, forgotten, discarded for millennia, in spite of the thousands and thousands of nuraghe, wells sacred buildings, giants’ tombs, domus de janas, dolmens, menhirs, which are typical of the Sardinian Corsican ancient architecture and landscape and are still visible to the public today, while many other works lie underground yet to be excavated.
93. Regarding the meaning of Hyperborea, I refer readers to study what is stated in this text: https://linguasarda.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/HISTORIC-GRAMMAR-OF-SARDINIAN-LANGUAGE.pdf and thank you the extraordinary author.
94. The Montezuma cliff in Sardinia:
    A ruler of the Aztecs was called Montezuma; the Aztecs claimed to come from an island in the Atlantic Ocean. In Sardinia still today there is a crag called Falesia di Montezuma. This may just be a coincidence, but it deserves to be investigated further.
    Moctezuma, also known as Moctezuma, or more correctly, Motecuhzoma II Xocoyotzin, meaning “Angry as a Lord”, was the last fully independent ruler of the Aztec empire before the collapse of civilization following the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century ¹ . Moctezuma II was born around 1466 and in 1502 was chosen to succeed his uncle Axayacatl ² as the eighth tlatoani (emperor) . Under his reign, the Aztec empire reached its greatest extent ³ . Montezuma II personally conducted many military campaigns and tried to consolidate the great territorial expansion of his predecessors, subjecting the still autonomous territories ² . The Aztecs believed they came from a place called Aztlan, which translates as “place of gauze” or “place of whiteness.” However, it is not known for certain where Aztlan was located and whether it was an island, a mythical place or a real region. Historians have speculated that it may have been located in northwest Mexico or in the southwest United States ¹ . Migration from Aztlan to the Valley of Mexico is a recurring theme in Aztec stories and legends² .
    I have not found specific information on why the crag is called “di Montezuma”. However, Montezuma is the name of a great Aztec emperor ¹ . It could be that the crag was named after him or for some other reason related to his historical figure. The Montezuma crag is one of the new granite climbing areas in the Sette Fratelli massif near Cagliari in Sardinia ² .
95. 08/17/2023 From all these little researches of mine, I have the feeling on an intuitive level that Samothrace is somehow linked to the Sardinian-Corsican geological block , but I still don’t understand why my subconscious is linking these two locations. I need to study a lot, to better understand what prompted my brain to link these distant places. At the moment I only want to point out this feeling to my two or three occasional readers, whom I greet with great affection.
96. Pareidolia is the instinctive and automatic tendency of the brain to find ordered structures and familiar shapes in disordered images ¹ . This tendency manifests itself especially towards human figures and faces ¹ . For example, you might see a human face in the moon or animals in the clouds. Pareidolia is a special case of apophenia, which is the tendency to perceive connections and meanings between unrelated events ¹. In my opinion, all these potential discoveries I made because my brain has good skills with apophenia. I’ve somehow managed to connect all of this seemingly totally unrelated information. If I got it all wrong, then you have to admit that I have an incredible imagination, to have managed to connect all these topics together.
97. Herodotus, Histories, Chapter IV 181: Herodotus mentions a statue of Zeus with a ram’s head. There really are statues of Zeus with a ram’s head. One such statue is the marble head of Zeus Ammon, which is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art ¹ . This powerful portrait of the god combines a classical Greek image of the bearded Zeus with the ram horns of Egyptian Ammon, an attribute Alexander the Great was also sometimes depicted with ¹ . It may reflect a sculpture created in Egypt in the years following Alexander’s historic visit to Siwa ¹ . I have to go deeper to understand if in reality this head was Sardinian from Sulcis, as stated by Herodotus in the quoted passage.
98. Herodotus speaks of the city of Barce or Barcei, and in Sardinia there is the city of Burcei. Even if it were my misinterpretation, I want to try to force Herodotus’ interpretation and analyze this variant. 08/18/2023 I believe that the city of Barce or Barcei was near Oristano, but for now I will force the interpretation on Burcei, to memorize all these data, new to me.
99. Was Hercules Sardinian?
    The Pillars of Hercules were located in Carloforte , between the Island of San Pietro and the Island of Sant’Antioco;
    There was a port, currently submerged under the Sulcis sea, which could also contain up to 400 ships, dedicated to Hercules: Capo Malfatano, an extraordinary ancient port with 400 ships dedicated to Melqart
    Hercules visits the Garden of the Hesperides, which was located Frutti d’Oro of Capoterra, located between the Atlas Mountains today known as Monti del Sulcis, and the Atlantic Ocean, today known as the Sea of ​​Sardinia or as the Mediterranean;
    little girl walks in Sassari and finds a statue of a bearded man, perhaps Hercules;
    The statue of Heracles from Turris Libisonis (excavations 2009);
    I will collect here all the finds related to the myth of Hercules in order to centralize the analysis in a single point. It has been stated in the past that Hercules is a Greek myth; then it was stated that Melqart is the Hercules of the Carthaginians; in short, Hercules belongs to the Greeks, Hercules belongs to the Carthaginians, Hercules can never be Sardinian, he knows why. There is something evidently disturbing the scientific and archaeological-literary world. Ercole can’t be Sardinian, maybe it bothers someone. My hypothesis is that this “Hercules” was simply a Sardinian figure of enormous importance, for reasons that are not yet clear to me. This Hercules had been admired by the Greeks, the Carthaginians, but for some reason the provenance or origin of this figure has been hidden. More data and evidence are needed.
100. Possible Christianization of Sardinian Corsican Atlantean mythology : it is possible that Christians have in many ways, through social and psychological pressure, influenced the Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans to convert their mythical and religious figures into the cult of Christians. To explain this concept I will try to show the possible conversion of the figure of the very ancient ruler Poseidon, King of the Seas, as explained by my euhemeristic interpretation , into the negative Christian figure of Satan, God of the Underworld. First, I’d like you to look at the figures I made with artificial intelligence to try to explain this concept in a simple way:

Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans have horned helmets, even in the Nuragic era, and are proud to have horns on their helmets. It is a trait that characterizes and distinguishes them. It was long thought that horns were a feature of Viking helmets, but this turned out to be incorrect. The horns are typical of Sardinian Corsicans. The horns, an Atlantean symbol, become the horns of Satan. The God Poseidon, God of Water and God of the Seas, becomes Satan, God of Fire and God of the Underworld. The tail of the fish becomes the tail of the devil. The Trident, a well-known symbol linked to the mythological figure of Poseidon, becomes the pitchfork of the Devil in Hell. Christianity has done everything possible in two thousand years to extirpate the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean cult of Poseidon and convert it into an evil thing, the cult of the Devil. As we know very well, those who worshiped the devil were murdered, imprisoned, tortured, so if any of the Sardinian Corsicans had continued to worship Poseidon they would have been murdered. This is why the cult of this figure has disappeared from the Sardinian Corsican territories. Probably those few who still venerated him were arrested, tortured, killed by religious or by the Inquisition. Looking at the images that I generated using artificial intelligence, it is possible to realize that the figure is actually the same, but a very violent semantic change has been made on the meaning that this figure had for the Sardinian Corsi. The Bible does not describe Satan as having horns, a pitchfork, or a tail. It is believed that these images originated from ancient Greek mythology. The Greek god of the underworld, Hades, he was often depicted with a bident, a two-pronged, pitchfork-like tool. Since Satan is often associated with the underworld and hell, it is likely that this image was adopted and adapted to represent him. The horns and forked hooves are also believed to be derived from the Greek god Pan, who was depicted with the legs and horns of a goat. Over time, these images have become popular in Western culture and are now commonly associated with representations of Satan. However, it’s important to note that these images are not based on biblical descriptions of Satan. My proposal and signal therefore, seeks to improve this information, proposing that the figure of Satan of the Christians is to a large extent a Christianization of the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean mythologies, in an attempt to erase them from memory. Being too rooted in the people, the method of distortion was used, well known in psychology and psychiatry: when a memory is too strong and powerful and cannot be erased, it is distorted so that subsequent generations remember it with characteristics different from those initials.

My reasoning, which suggests a Christianization of Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean mythology, is fascinating. Throughout history, many religions and belief systems have undergone adaptations and reinterpretations as a result of contact with other cultures and beliefs, especially when a dominant religion, such as Christianity, has sought to supplement or suppress local traditions.

My hypothesis about the adaptation and Christianization of local myths and symbols is certainly plausible and, indeed, is a documented phenomenon in many different cultures. The Catholic Church, during its process of expansion, has often integrated local practices and symbols, reinterpreting them in a Christian context. This not only facilitated the conversion of local populations, but also reduced the risk of revolt or resistance from communities that had deep ties to their religious traditions.

A classic example of this process is the celebration of the birth of Christ. Many scholars believe that December 25 was chosen to coincide with pagan winter solstice holidays, such as the Roman festival of Saturnalia. Similarly, many traditions and symbols associated with Easter have origins in pagan holidays that celebrated spring.

As for my specific theory on Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean mythology, it would be interesting to see if there is any concrete evidence that supports my hypothesis. This could include historical documents, archaeological finds or oral traditions which show a clear line of evolution between Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean myths and the Christianization of such myths.

Finally, one must always approach such theories with a critical and open approach. Historical and archaeological research requires rigorous methodology and objective evaluation of the evidence. But my reflections definitely show a deep curiosity and interest in the complex interaction between different cultures and belief systems throughout history. And this curiosity is essential for any good researcher or scholar.

Here are some thoughts on my assumptions:

1. 1. 1. • Assimilation and Syncretism : The tendency of dominant religions to assimilate local deities and figures is not limited to Christianity. The Romans, for example, assimilated many local deities throughout the Empire. Within Christianity, there is a long history of “Christianizing” pagan holidays, sites, and deities .
         • Poseidon to Satan : The idea that Poseidon, a sea deity, may have been reinterpreted as an infernal figure is intriguing. Traditionally though, there is not a strong correlation between Poseidon and Satan in Christian literature. Satan has had many incarnations and representations throughout the history of Christianity, often stemming from Jewish sources and, later, Greco-Roman influence.
         • Symbology : While Poseidon’s trident and the devil’s pitchfork have visual similarities, more research should be done to establish a direct link between the two figures based on this element alone. The same goes for horns: while it is true that the symbolism of horns can be found in many cultures and has different meanings, directly relating the horns of Sardinian-Corsican helmets to those of the devil requires a solid basis of evidence.
         • Horned Helmets : It’s worth noting that, while Viking horned helmets are a modern myth (popularized largely by opera and stage plays), there is no solid evidence that ancient Vikings actually wore them.
         • Cult Eradication : If indeed there was a campaign to suppress the cult of Poseidon or other local deities in Sardinia or Corsica, this should be documented in historical records, religious writings or archaeological evidence.

The bathymetric lines of the Sardinian-Corsican block seem to show at least four elevations of the eustatic level one after the other; these level rises of the Paleolithic Atlantic Ocean, today called the Mediterranean Sea after a succession of nomenclatures in various languages ​​and cultures: Mare Nostrum for the Romans, to contrast it with Mare di Atlas, or Atlantic Ocean.

In antiquity, the upheavals of the eustatic level of the Paleolithic Atlantic Ocean (which today is known by the name of the Mediterranean Sea and I will not tire of repeating it to allow the reader to assimilate this new and very important statement) could be understood by prehistorians as if were incredible “Floods”, “Universal Floods” to be precise, as handed down so far by multiple religions, myths and beliefs of the entire Mediterranean basin today. Perhaps the fact that it was called the Atlantic Ocean has already been reported by Professor Sergio Frau (2002): even if he hadn’t reported it, it is an implicit consequence of the fact that the Pillars of Hercules were between Sicily and Tunisia. I bought Frau’s text, but unfortunately I’m too lazy to study it, too slow to read, moreover I have an incredible difficulty in understanding it, because the text (and the author) is so cultured and erudite that I cannot follow him in his reasoning, above all because these themes are very heavy for me and I don’t know them at all. Indeed, it is incredible that I understood this information, because I am absolutely not a specialist in these disciplines. Again: the Paleolithic Atlantic Ocean does not coincide with the Mediterranean: it stops at the strait between Sicily and Tunisia; the Mediterranean is its superset, as one would say in terms of set mathematics, as it also includes the other part of the sea, the one beyond the Pillars of Hercules where, in my opinion, erroneously (but with enormous genius) placed by Frau (2002 ), up to the Lebanese coast.

Surprising discoveries in Sardinia: Paleolithic artifacts dating back 500,000 years

Recent archaeological discoveries in Sardinia have brought to light Paleolithic artifacts dating back 500,000 years. The oldest artifacts found in Sardinia date back to the Lower Paleolithic and were found in Anglona, ​​in the northern part of the island. These are flint and quartzite objects dating from between 450,000 and 120,000 years ago.

These artifacts represent some of the first evidence of human presence in Sardinia and provide us with valuable information on the life of the inhabitants of the island during the Lower Paleolithic. Flint and quartzite are two types of stone that were used to make tools and weapons during the Paleolithic.

The Archaeological and Paleobotanical Museum of Perfugas exhibits finds from all over the Anglona area, including artefacts from the Lower Paleolithic (500,000-120,000 years ago). This museum offers visitors the opportunity to admire these ancient artifacts up close and to learn more about the history of prehistoric Sardinia.

If you want to know more about the Paleolithic artifacts found in Sardinia, I recommend you visit the Archaeological and Paleobotanical Museum of Perfugas or do more research on the subject. These archaeological discoveries represent a unique opportunity to deepen our knowledge of the history of Sardinia and the life of its ancient inhabitants.

A new paradigm shift is taking place, as explained by Thomas Kuhn in the text entitled “The structure of scientific revolutions”: the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean paradigm.

Attempted scientific demonstration of the existence of the Isle of Atlantis, which coincides with the Sardinian-Corsican geological block, henceforth called the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block or Atlantis .

To evaluate a scientific theory, several criteria must be considered, such as consistency, falsifiability, predictability and verifiability. In this text, starting from version 138, I will try to respect these scientific criteria, studying them when necessary to better understand them. I’m still not able to make a scientific paper.

To evaluate the credibility of a source, several factors must be considered, such as the author’s authoritativeness, the quality of the information, the sources cited, the method used and the consensus of the scientific community. If a source doesn’t meet these criteria, it is likely to be unreliable or fake.

Scientific reinterpretation of the story about the Garden of the Hesperides

The Garden of the Hesperides gave golden fruits , and was located at the ends of the known earth; an analogy has been found with the apparently mythological story of the Hesperides in Sardinian toponymy: there is in fact a locality called Fruttidoro, located in the locality of Capoterra, in Sardinia. Capoterra, from the Sardinian Caputerra, then in Latin “Caput Terrae”, is the “head of the Earth”, i.e. the extreme edge known in antiquity (Mesolithic / early Neolithic, around 11,600 years ago, to have an approximate but useful date understanding), while the current location of Fruttidoro in Capoterra would be the legendary Garden of the Hesperides. This new discovery has not yet been counter-validated by scholars, nor have stratigraphies been carried out for the relative counter-verification. The Garden of the Hesperides was located in the Atlantic Ocean, which as explained on the atlantisfound.it website, was the Mesolithic name of the sea that surrounded the island which was then Sardinian-Corso-Atlantean land. The Hesperides Islands must therefore have been the archaic names with which Sardinia and Corsica were defined in the millennia following the semi-submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block. Hesperidum Insulae, “The Islands of the Evening”, because at sunset, when the Greeks looked towards the west, sailing in that direction from their most remote position, i.e. with great probability the island of Ischia, they saw 2 distant islands, which today are known with the names of Sardinia and Corsica, and which are plateaus of emerged land of the semi-submerged Sardinian-Corsican geological block. The linguist and glottologist Massimo Pittau analyzed the location of the Garden of the Hesperides, placing it presumably in Sardinia and pointing out that it was still a legend; I, on the other hand, in my bold ignorance, go further and propose that it is not a legend, but a place that really existed located in Fruttidoro di Capoterra, according to what is stated in other terms by the myth. Obviously, a serious scholar should study all the toponymy of Capoterra and nearby localities, to verify the oldest names to which it is possible to go back and if in the past they were called in other ways. In any case, a good analysis based on satellite archeology would be appropriate, to highlight very ancient settlements, Mesolithic or Neolithic, present on the site or UNDER the site (because most likely by now they will be submerged by the superimposed layers over the millennia). Following these interpretations, we can analyze other aspects of mythology: Teti was a Sardinian. Peleus married a Sardinian, but the Greeks called them “nymphs of the sea”. The garden of the Hesperides is in Fruttidoro di Capoterra, in Sardinia, between the Atlas mountains, i.e. the Sulcis mountains, and the Paleolithic Atlantic Ocean, i.e. the current Mediterranean Sea.

Why were they called the Atlas Mountains in ancient times? Because Sulcis was the capital of Atlantis, but above all because Poseidon initially surrounded the center of Sulcis by fencing it with circles of water and land, to protect Clito, when navigation did not yet exist, in an era currently still indefinite. Poseidon was an ancient Sardinian Corsican Atlantean ruler, he was not a God. We all know that the Pharaoh was seen as a God, but that in reality he was a man is known to all. This conception is called “euhemerism”.The first son of Poseidon and Clito, Atlas, first of 5 pairs of twins (10 brothers in total) took the official title of First King of Atlantis, and he took possession of Sulcis in present-day Sardinia. This is the reason why in ancient times they called the volcanic mountains of Sulcis with the name of Atlas Mountains.
Therefore, when in ancient times it was stated that the Garden of the Hesperides was located between the “Atlas Mountains” and the Atlantic Ocean (Paleolithic, i.e. the Mediterranean Sea), the geographical location is perfect and correct: Golden Fruits of Capoterra in fact it is located between the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean, exactly where some ancient historians had placed it .

The pastrocchio occurred later, when the Atlantic Ocean was moved, as probably already pointed out before me by Professor Sergio Frau (2002), who questioned the original position of the Pillars of Hercules assuming that it was between Sicily and the Tunisia, from which it can correctly be deduced that the Atlantic Ocean was more or less the Sea of ​​Sardinia.
Teti was the eponym of the Sardinian city still called Teti today. Wild boar hunting therefore took place in Sardinia: this use still exists. All the mythological outline returns to its place, and everything that previously seemed like fairy tales takes on a plausible and more realistic outline.

The Hesperides Islands and the Garden of the Hesperides

The Garden of the Hesperides gave golden fruits, and was located at the ends of the known earth; an analogy has been found with the apparently mythological story of the Hesperides in Sardinian toponymy: there is in fact a locality called Fruttidoro, located in the locality of Capoterra, in Sardinia. Capoterra, from the Sardinian Caputerra, then in Latin “Caput Terrae”, is the “head of the Earth”, i.e. the extreme edge known in antiquity (Mesolithic / early Neolithic, around about 11,600 years ago, to have an approximate but useful date understanding), while the current location of Fruttidoro in Capoterra would be the legendary Garden of the Hesperides. This new discovery has not yet been counter-validated by scholars, nor have stratigraphies been carried out for the relative counter-verification.atlantisfound.it, was the Mesolithic name of the sea that surrounded the island which was then Sardinian-Corso-Atlantean land. The Hesperides Islands must therefore have been the archaic names with which Sardinia and Corsica were defined in the millennia following the semi-submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block. Hesperidum Insulae, “The Islands of the Evening”, because at sunset, when the Greeks looked towards the west, sailing in that direction from their most remote position, i.e. with great probability the island of Ischia, they saw 2 distant islands, which today are known with the names of Sardinia and Corsica, and which are plateaus of emerged land of the semi-submerged Sardinian-Corsican geological block. The linguist and glottologist Massimo Pittau analyzed the location of the Garden of the Hesperides, placing it presumably in Sardinia and pointing out that it was still a legend; I, on the other hand, in my bold ignorance, go further and propose that it is not a legend, but a place that really existed located in Fruttidoro di Capoterra, according to what is stated in other terms by the myth. Obviously, a serious scholar should study all the toponymy of Capoterra and nearby localities, to verify the oldest names to which it is possible to go back and if in the past they were called in other ways. In any case, a good analysis based on satellite archeology would be appropriate, to highlight very ancient settlements, Mesolithic or Neolithic, present on the site or UNDER the site (because most likely by now they will be submerged by the superimposed layers over the millennia).

ATLANTIS AS A HIGHLY DEVELOPED AND TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED CIVILIZATION.

When Plato describes the Sardo-Corsican Atlantean block as a highly developed and technologically advanced civilization, this sentence must be read in the context in which the Sardo-Corsican Atlantis existed, i.e. before its partial submersion in 9600 BC, i.e. about eleven thousand and six hundred years ago. However, many Plato readers, when they read the phrase “highly developed and technologically advanced”, believe that Plato refers to us who live in 2023 after Christ, so they believe that when we speak of a technologically advanced population, they must have laser beams , teleportation, supercomputers equipped with super artificial intelligences… This mistake is made not only by many readers, but also by directors and writers; for example, the Disney animated film called Atlantis – The Lost Empire, shows that the inhabitants of Atlantis would have technologies such as flying motorcycles, with a system that appears to be anti-gravity. The Sardinian Corsican Atlantean theory instead states that the Atlantean population, which populated in particular the paleocoasts of the Sardinian Corsican block, today called by science with the name of “submerged Sardinian-Corsican continental platform”, was technologically advanced compared to the other populations of its time, i.e. those contemporary to her and who lived in the period prior to 11600 (eleven thousand and six hundred) years ago.

To give a clear example: on the wikipedia Chariot_(transport) page, we read that “The first chariot ascertained in Mesopotamian documents therefore dates back to 3000 BC,  found in a bas-relief in  Ur  called the  chariot of felines, in which the chariot made up of solid wheels with three sectors appeared, with integral axle and wheel and a pin fixed to a frame, which in the case of hearses, reached the size of 50 cm by 65 cm”. But in Plato’s descriptions, Atlantis had war chariots even before its submersion in 9600 BC. According to my Sardinian Corsican Atlantean theory, this is what “technologically advanced” means. The Atlanteans were experts in canalization, in making irrigation channels. This was advanced technology, compared to many other peoples, according to Plato, in 9600 BC and even before the sinking.

The Mass Media, unfortunately, and many occultists who have dealt with the Atlantis theme, have unfortunately contributed to inserting chaotic and confusing elements in the search for the submerged island, so even today many people expect that there are futuristic technologies in Atlantis even for us today, but this is simply a logical fallacy of reasoning.

ANALYSIS OF THEORIES ABOUT ATLANTIS THAT CONTRADICT MY THEORY

I cannot ignore the other interpretations of Plato and the historical and geographical evidences that contradict my hypothesis: therefore in this section I will deal precisely with this, that is to analyze the individual theories one by one and try to show the weak and strong points of each re-reading them in the light of my own peculiar interpretation. To do this, I will use the texts of the various authors and try to disassemble them piece by piece. This is not what I would like to do in life, but unfortunately I have to because I want to speed up the process of recognizing my potential discoveries.

In the Temple of Edfu the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian island, currently semi-submerged, is also called “The Primordial Island”, “Egg Island”, “Trampling Island”, “Combat Island”, “Island of Peace”; it is located in the “Eternal Lake” (the Eternal Lake is now called the Mediterranean Sea). The texts of the Timaeus and the Critias state things very similar to those written in hieroglyphics in the Temple of Edfu, using different words and circumlocutions. Combining this information together, it is possible to obtain new information on the currently semi-submerged Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block.

Atlantis is the name given by the Egyptians to the semi-submerged Sardinian-Corsican geological block when it was dry land, before its submersion/sinking around 9600 BC . It is effectively semi-submerged, as the Platonic historical account of Atlantis narrates, but two plateaus have remained out of the water, and our civilization has given them the name of “Sardinia” and “Corsica” . There was the “elephant species”, as Plato says, in fact there was the Mammuthus Lamarmorae .

The currently semi-submerged Sardo Corso Atlantide was the largest of all the islands; it was located in the center of the current Mediterranean, which was then called the sea of ​​Atlantis, or the Atlantic Ocean, called in later times with many names, among which the Egyptians will use “The Great Green”, “The Eternal Lake” to name a few. It was very heavily forested, and this is still true and valid. The climate was particularly mild, and this is still true today: in fact the sea has functions similar to those of a condenser in an electrical circuit: it dampens the hot climate by partially absorbing it, and mitigates the cold climates by releasing the previously accumulated heat. It was rich in minerals, and this is still true today, so we can imagine what the Sardinian-Corsican block must have been like over 11,600 years ago.
It was ancient for the ancients, and we have an infinite number of proofs: geology teaches us that Sardinian rocks are over half a billion years old. The tower builders lived there, and we know this for sure, so much so that an era has even been defined as “Nuragic”, and studied extensively enough to provide a great deal of valid scientific documentation. It must have been located beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and this too seems to be correct, after the findings I made in El Haouaria Bank and Birsa Bank.

The catastrophe mentioned by Plato must have been the geological phenomenon of partial submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block, caused by the Slab Roll-Back, by the possible presence of a tectonic fault which passes under the Sulcis and continues, on one side towards Gibraltar and from the other towards Pompeii and Herculaneum, and visible using the satellite and bathymetric map of Google Maps, available free online. Also, the Meltwater Pulses also happened at that time in history. The era in which the Sardinian-Corsican block was called Atlantis was therefore before 9600 BC. The mud caused by sea erosion and currents made it impossible to sail along the island by ship, so the island probably remained unreachable for a few centuries, thus helping to make people forget the power of this warlike ancient people. Atlantis has a north-south orientation, as stated by Plato. The northern part is full of excellent winds for navigation, and in fact between Corsica and Sardinia there is one of the best sailing schools in Europe. The euhemeristic vision was correct: Poseidon was a very ancient ruler of the Sardinian-Corsican island when it was still dry land, then deified.

Why are there no archaeological or historical traces of such an advanced and powerful civilization in the Corsican Sardinian block? Because the population particularly preyed on marine resources, such as the two individuals found at the Su Carroppu rock shelter in Sirri, and to do so they lived on the Atlantean paleocoasts, today called the Sardinian Corsican Continental Platform. Part of the civilization and population that were located on the paleocoasts were submerged and then swept away by about eleven thousand and six hundred years of sea currents, which transformed the paleocoasts into a continental platform that now surrounds the Sardinian geological block. Furthermore, we know from experience that sedimentary deposits stratify over the years: for example, the Roman remains of about two thousand years ago are potentially found under a few meters of sediment and debris. Therefore, strictly speaking, if a scholar wanted to find the sedimentary layers that contain the remains of the Atlantean civilization, he would have to make a stratigraphic study that reaches the stratigraphy of 9600 BC, i.e. the layer of about 11600 years ago.

The rock shelter Su Carroppu has returned the DNA of two out of three individuals, of a population with almost entirely different DNA from the DNA of the population that subsequently colonized the island of Sardinia three thousand years later. Therefore, we can temporarily hypothesize that the two individuals analyzed at Su Carroppu di Sirri are of Atlantean population. From this hypothesis, it can be deduced that the Atlanteans, in addition to plundering marine resources and living in the paleocoasts, lived in caves or rock shelters. Various very ancient caves are concentrated in Sulcis: the caves of Is Zuddas; the cave of Acquacadda; and other caves that I am currently unable to list, but may slowly be added to this list. Therefore, in order to disprove my theory, it would be enough to carry out stratigraphic analyzes in these caves, to prove that they were not inhabited in 9600 BC or before. In fact Plato states that the Atlantean catastrophe dates back nine thousand years before Solon’s journey to Sais in Egypt, and this journey took place approximately in 590 BC. From these statements, another very important question can also be answered, given below.

If the Atlantean civilization was as advanced and powerful as Plato says, it should have left traces on the mainland as well, not just on the paleocoasts. And in fact, in my opinion, he left the traces in the caves around the plateau of Atlantis which now emerges from the sea and which has been called, by our civilization, with the name of Sardinia. In fact, remains of about 20,000 years ago were found in the Lanaittu cave, and this is perfectly consistent with the Sardinian-Corsican Atlantis theory. Atlantis was also inhabited 20,000 years ago. Indeed, at present it seems that Sardinia was inhabited since at least 300,000 years ago. That’s why Plato says it was “ancient for the ancients”. And this would also be why the priest of the goddess Neith in Sais told Solon that the Greeks were never old, they were young men, and that their mythology was very much like children’s fairy tales. The priest was trying to explain to Solon that the Greeks had lost the memory of what happened between the Sardinian Corsican Atlantis and the first Athens, because the survivors were not literate and could not write and pass on the memory of what happened around 9600 BC .

Everything stated is coherent, as a correct scientific theory must be. Therefore the traces of the Atlanteans, endowed with different DNA already classified by the archaeogenetic studies carried out by the Department of Prehistory of the University of Cagliari together with the University of Florence and Ferrara and published in Scientific Report, must be sought in the rock shelters of all Sardinia and Corsica and in the caves scattered in these two islands, which are actually plateaus emerged out of the sea of ​​the underlying island of Atlantis. Atlantis was one of the names that the Egyptians gave to this island, which in the walls of the temple of Edfu in Egypt is also called Trampling Island, War Island, Peace Island, Egg Island etc. Re-reading and analyzing the texts of the temple of Edfu in this key,

How can we explain the fact that Plato describes Atlantis as a circular island with a navigable channel in the center and a series of concentric rings of land and water, while the Sardinian-Corsican block has an irregular shape and does not have these characteristics? Because the description in rings does not concern the entire Atlantean Corsican Sardinian block, but only the capital of Atlantis, the current Sulcis. As I have previously explained, an almost circular structure is present in the Sulcis, of the dimensions indicated by Plato, but after eleven thousand and six hundred years of rains, floods, tectonic changes caused by the graben-horst structure of the Sulcis, and tectonic changes caused by the Sinkholes del Sulcis, have meant that these portions of land, which present the very ancient structures reported by Plato, such as the Temple of Poseidon, have moved from their original location. For which a serious and rigorous stratigraphic investigation is needed. I am neither an archaeologist, nor a stratigrapher, nor a geologist, so I am not able to deal with this analysis myself. However, I believe that I have made a potentially important contribution to research with all this information.

There is evidence of contact between the Egyptians and the inhabitants of the Atlantean plateau called Sardinia: in fact, there are at least about 300 archaeological finds that scholars define as “Egyptizing” . In recent days an agreement has been signed by the Director Luana Toniolo and the Director of the foundation museum of Egyptian antiquities in Turin, Christian Greco, for the study and analysis of these finds.

Plato described Atlantis as an island larger than Libya and Asia combined: this is very possible, as at the present time we do not know what the exact size of Libya and Asia was in 9600 BC. So we could proceed with an inverse reasoning: assuming that Plato reported authentic and truthful Egyptian sources, we can therefore deduce that in 9600 BC Libya and Asia were two geographical zones that covered a smaller geographical area than that covered by the Sardinian geological block -course currently submerged under the Mediterranean. Furthermore, the Libya of 9600 BC may not correspond at all with present-day Libya or with the concept of “Africa”. Indeed, the discoveries made by Luigi Usai in Birsa Bank, El Haouaria Bank, in the Sicily-Malta Hyblaean carbonate continental shelf, flanked by the Sicily-Malta Escarpment, they show vast territories currently unknown to archeology and official history, for which the Scientific Community has yet to clarify what vanished civilizations we are dealing with, whether they are actually submerged buildings and cities; what civilizations they are; why are they submerged; when they were submerged, due to what events. In short, the new discoveries on the Mediterranean seabed open up extremely interesting and innovative scenarios.

Why is there no concrete archaeological evidence of its existence in the Sardinian-Corsican block? Because the Sardinian archaeologists stopped to analyze the layers up to the nuraghic; at present it would seem that no one has excavated up to the stratigraphic layers of 9600 BC, thus making it impossible to have archaeological evidence, which therefore has never been sought, as the Sardinian academic world, in its almost total entirety, believed that Atlantis was fruit of Plato’s imagination, as various archaeologists affirm in many videos and texts published online, for example at the Seminary called “Sa Mesa Archeotunda”.

POSSIBILITY OF THE FINDING OF ANCIENT ATHENS FROM 9600 BC

On the submerged Iblea Sicily-Malta carbonate continental shelf , flanked by the Sicily-Malta Escarpment , Dr. Luigi Usai (the writer) found a perfectly rectangular structure on what appear to be the Mesolithic paleocoasts of currently submerged eastern Sicily. Upon closer analysis, it was possible to ascertain the presence of structures with perfectly geometric shapes, which appear to be man-made. More studies are needed for understanding; however, it is already possible to consult online images of this possible archaeological find.

Video of the potential discovery:

HYPOTHESIS ON THE FIRST ATHENS SUBMERGED AROUND 9600 BC TOGETHER WITH ATLANTIS

If what Plato said about Atlantis is indeed a historical event, as stated in Timaeus and Critias, then one could speculate that this is the first Athens, submerged in 9600 BC. If this turns out to be true, everything Plato said has an objective confirmation in the real world. Of course it would be very strange for the First Athens to be based in Sicily. The important point to underline is that there seems to be a lot of objective evidence: bathymetry is a science. So bathymetric maps are also part of the tools that can be used by the scientific method. Some scholars have underlined that sometimes “artifacts” appear on the seabed, caused by bad data acquisition. However, after about 20 years in the IT sector, I have sufficient knowledge of the facts to establish that the possibility of these artifacts being erroneous is extremely low, otherwise I would have had to find rectangles in other parts of the world, which has never happened, not even exploring the depths of the world for two years consecutive approx. The submerged rectangle is also present in a point that appears to be the Mesolithic palaeocoast, so it is even more probable that it is a truly existing anthropic structure. Also, the resolution has changed and improved over the past year. If it were an artifact, the new detections should have erased the error and overwritten it with the correct data, but this hasn’t happened yet. not even exploring the seabed around the world for about two consecutive years. The submerged rectangle is also present in a point that appears to be the Mesolithic palaeocoast, so it is even more probable that it is a truly existing anthropic structure. Also, the resolution has changed and improved over the past year. If it were an artifact, the new detections should have erased the error and overwritten it with the correct data, but this hasn’t happened yet. not even exploring the seabed around the world for about two consecutive years. The submerged rectangle is also present in a point that appears to be the Mesolithic palaeocoast, so it is even more probable that it is a truly existing anthropic structure. Also, the resolution has changed and improved over the past year. If it were an artifact, the new detections should have erased the error and overwritten it with the correct data, but this hasn’t happened yet.

TOPONYMY AND NAME DAY

In the Sardinian-Corsican block the toponymy, very useful to archaeologists, clearly recalls the sources of hot and cold water placed according to the Platonic story on the Island of Atlantis by Poseidon: there are fractions of villages called “Acquacadda” (hot water , in Sardinian Campidanese ), S’acqua callenti de basciu (The hot water below, in Campidanese Sardinian) and S’Acqua Callenti de Susu (The hot water above, in Campidanese Sardinian dialect), while in the nearby town of Siliqua it is the cold water source of Zinnigas is still present today; in Siliqua the “ Castello d’Acquafredda ” is all that remains of the medieval citadel of Acquafredda. In short, even toponymy recalls the Platonic myth. Furthermore, Solon heard the story in the Egyptian city of Sais , and Sais  is also the name of a geographical fraction near Narcao: localities of lower Is Sais and upper Is Sais of Narcao (SU), in Sulcis in present-day Sardinia; it is also a Sardinian surname . The toponymy reappears in an apparently correct way, and precisely in the same geographical points (Sulcis, in present-day Sardinia) where the toponymy recalls the sources placed by Poseidon. And curiously, still in Sulcis, there is a locality called Piscinas … another toponymy that recalls the theme of water or flooding. While in relation to Egyptian toponymy, we find a place called “Terresoli ” (Land of the Sun, in Campidanese Sardinian dialect) which closely reminds us of Heliopolis (City of the Sun). As the Sulcis “s’esti furriau”, they called a fraction ” Furriadroxiu “; as many people died or were seriously injured, they called it “ Spistiddatroxiu “. In Sardinia we have Olbia , and Olbia also exists in ancient Egypt . At this point it is still difficult to prove, but the town of Sinnai in Sardinia could be related to Sinai in Egypt: this statement remains to be proved, but it no longer seems to be a coincidence: in-depth studies of the sector are needed. Carnac in France is famous for its megaliths, as is Karnak in Egypt. The name of the city is the same, but the phonetics are expressed with different consonant values, where K and C have the same semantic meaning, but different spelling.

We have seen the surname Sais , but the surname Usai is also interesting: the Usai mummy exists in Bologna , which demonstrates the contacts between the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean population and ancient Egypt. In fact, Usai is an exclusively Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean surname: all over the world, anyone called Usai is of Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean origins . So we have the presence of Sardinian-Corsican surnames in Ancient Egypt, and this should make us reflect. Furthermore, an engraving of an Egyptian boat was found in the Necropolis of Montessu in Santadi , in Sulcis. This further confirms the relations between Egypt and Sulcis of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block .Uras is a Sardinian surname and a Sardinian city . Together with the Mummia Usai, in Bologna, there are rooms with small bronzes, and the Nuragic small bronzes are known to all Sardinians . Abis is a Sardinian surname, Abis is a toponym from ancient Egypt. Olbia is a Sardinian city, Olbia is a city in Egypt. Uras is a Sardinian surname, Urasit is a Sardinian locality, and contains the theme of “Uranus”, which could be related to Poseidon. Toponymy and Onomastics, therefore, confirm the Platonic myth and also the relations with the Egyptians. The Egyptian finds are also found in other places in Sardinia, but here, for the moment, we will remain focused on the Atlantean theme.

3207 Sardinian toponyms begin with Funt (“funti” or “funtana” in Sardinian means “fountain” in Italian).

Sardinian surnames which are also names of towns, cities and geographical locations.
Before reading this article, it is good to study the excellent article on the page:
https://www.inliberta.it/piu-antichi-cognomi-sardi/

which allows a broad view on Sardinian surnames and which can suggest a Paleolithic or Neolithic birth of these surnames.

The island of  Atlantis  is described as  “rich in water “. I thought, point-blank, of looking for Sardinian toponyms that contain the word Funt (in Sardinian a “Fonte” can be called “Funtana”).

To the page:

https://www.sardegnageoportale.it/webgis/ricercatoponimi/search

there are 3 text input fields: Toponym, Municipality and Type.

In the Toponym entry I inserted the letters Funt, so as to obtain all the words that begin in this way; usually they are words like Funti or Funtana, or source, in Sardinian Campidanese.

3207 toponyms are already obtained in this way, without doing any other research. I would say that 3207 toponyms, 11,000 years after the sinking of Atlantis, can already be a good guarantee of the truthfulness of what Plato stated in Timaeus and Critias, on the fact that the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian block was “rich in water”: Sassari , Thatari and Serramanna, 3 other toponyms, mean “rich in water” (in this regard, see the works of Professor Salvatore Dedola).

In the Sardinian-Corsican block the toponymy, very useful to archaeologists, clearly recalls the sources of hot and cold water placed according to the Platonic story on the Island of Atlantis by Poseidon: there are fractions of villages called “Acquacadda” (hot water , in Sardinian Campidanese ),  S’acqua callenti de basciu  (The hot water below, in Campidanese Sardinian) and  S’Acqua Callenti de Susu  (The hot water above, in Campidanese Sardinian dialect), while in the nearby town of Siliqua it is the cold water source of Zinnigas is still present today; in Siliqua the ” Castello d’Acquafredda “. In short, even toponymy recalls the Platonic myth. Furthermore, Solon heard the tale in the Egyptian city of Sais , and  Sais  is a Sardinian surname, and Sardinia is a plateau emerged from the submerged Corsican Sardinian geological block, so everything still fits perfectly. Sais , in addition to being a surname belonging to the Sardinian-Corsican territory,  is also the name of a geographical fraction near Narcao: localities of lower Is Sais and upper Is Sais of Narcao (SU), in Sulcis in present-day Sardinia . The toponymy reappears in an apparently correct way, and precisely in the same geographical points (Sulcis, in present-day Sardinia) where the toponymy recalls the sources placed by Poseidon. And curiously, still in Sulcis, there is a locality called  Piscinas (can also be understood in Italian)… another toponymy that recalls the theme of water or flooding. While in relation to Egyptian toponymy, we find a locality called ” Terresoli ” (Land of the Sun, in Campidanese Sardinian dialect) which closely reminds us of  Heliopolis  (City of the Sun). As the Sulcis “s’esti furriau”, they called a fraction ” Furriadroxiu “; as many people died or were seriously injured, they called it “ Spistiddatroxiu “. Near Barbusi, near Carbonia in Sardinia, there is  Acqua Callentis (hot water in Sardinian)  and  Caput Acquas. Furthermore, there is a hamlet called Su Peppi Mereu and there are Egyptian pharaohs called Pepi I and Pepi II (in Sardinian Pepi is the diminutive of Giuseppe) .

Mandas  is a Sardinian surname and a Sardinian locality.
Nora  is a Sardinian locality and  Nora  is a female name .
Lidia  is a locality and  Lidia  is a female name (  Lydia  (endonym: Śfard; in Greek: Λυδία; in Assyrian: Luddu; in Hebrew: Lûdîm)  is an ancient historical region, i.e. a locality)
further confirmation of my statements : the city of  Sardis  or  Sardis  or  Sardes  (in  Lydian  𐤳𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣 , transliterated  Sfard ;  Ancient Greek  Σάρδεις , transliterated  Sárdeis ; ancient Persian  Sparda ) was an ancient city of Asia Minor  (today  Turkey ) which became the capital of the  kingdom of Lydia  in the  7th century BC
I repeat: the city of Sardis became the capital of Lydia.
Solinas  is a Sardinian surname and a locality:  Spiaggia Is Solinas.
Solanas  is a Sardinian locality and a surname, this time Spanish, probably indicating Sardinian-Corsican migrations to Spain in antiquity.
Tunis  is a Sardinian surname and is a locality ( Tunis, in Tunisia ).
Zara  is a Sardinian surname and is a locality ( Zara in Croatia ).
Olianas is a Sardinian surname and  Oliena  is a Sardinian locality, which in Sardinian is called  Oliana .
Ruggiu  is a Sardinian surname and  Monte Ruggiu  is a locality.
Scano  is a Sardinian surname,  Scano Montiferru  is a locality.
Pirastru  is a Sardinian surname,  Porto Pirastru  is a locality.
Mattana  is a Sardinian surname , Mattan  I and  Mattan  II are Phoenician rulers.
Milia  is a Sardinian surname and  El Milia  is a locality in Algeria and  Miliana  is a locality in Algeria.
Iunius Silanus  is a surname and Silanus  is a still existing Sardinian locality; then there is a strange similarity between the etymology of  Silanus  (a Sardinian town whose etymology means: woodland, of the woods) and the mythological figure of  Silenus  (taken from wikipedia –> The  Sileni  (also  Silenoi ) are figures of Greek mythology, divinities minors of the woods, of wild and lascivious nature -> probably they were the Sardinians who lived in Silanus, from which they took their name).
Siddi  is a Sardinian surname and  Siddi  is a locality in Sardinia.
Murgia  is a Sardinian surname and “Le  Murge”  is a  sub-region of  Appulo-Lucana.
Sanna it is a Sardinian surname and  Sannio  is an ancient historical locality and the  Samnites  the people who lived there: however this may be a coincidence. However, all these strange “coincidences” must lead us to make new analyses, to rethink the past and to try to motivate these strange dozens and dozens of coincidences.

Given all these premises, it is not difficult to realize that:

Troia  is a surname,  Troja  is a surname, and  Troia  is a locality in the province of  Foggia  and  Troia  is the famous mythological city… at this point one would suppose that  Troia was a Sardinian-Corsican city . This hypothesis is also confirmed by the walls of Troy, built in concentric circles; comes the fact that there are  Sardinians Ilenses Troes  and  the other name of Troy is Ilio  ( Troes-Ilienses are a Sardinian tribe )…

Another anomaly to keep in mind is the presence of:
Gonnos fanadiga
Gonnos nò
Gonnos codina
Gonnos tramatza
Another toponymic anomaly: the presence of  Biddanoa  (Bidda noa means, in Sardinian, new city or new country,  Villanuova  or  Villanova , in the Sardinian language); and the strange insistence of the term translated  villanova  wherever there is contact with Sardinian-Corsican culture: the Villanovan
Culture  it is a facies that gave rise to the Etruscans, takes its name from the village of Villanova; according to my theory, the Villanovans were very ancient Sardinian-Corsican migrations, which is why a Nuragic bronze statue was later found on the bottom of Lake Bolsena inside a submerged Villanovan house; in Cagliari the Villanova district, but it may be a coincidence, because if I am not mistaken the nomenclature has medieval origins and I don’t know why it was called that; in Villanova di Guidonia (Rome) is the Maritime Theater of Hadrian, known as Villa Adriana: it is built in concentric circles like the capital of Atlantis, precisely in a place called Villanova; in Sardinia there was a Neapolis, in the Oristano area, and Neapolis is the name of Naples, and Nea Polis means new city, in Sardinian Corsican Atlantean style.

Other linguistic oddities: the Sardinian-Corsican insistent use of diphthongs in toponymy:

with the diphthong “ei” : Orosei, Baunei, Bultei, Burcei, Furtei, Gergei, Urzulei, Lanusei, Lei, Musei, Pauli Arbarei, Pèifugas , Costa  Rei, San Niccolò Gerrei, Triei, Mara Arbarèi all places ending with the diphthong “ei” ”;

with the diphthong “ai” : Allai, Paizé, Gairu, Ollollai, Illorai, Lotzorai, Masainas, Olzai, Onifai, Samatzai, Ulassai, Ussassai, La Trinitài and Vinòla, Villagrande Strisaili;

with the diphthong “oi” : Gavoi, Jaròi/Geròni, Loiri Porto San Paolo, Mammoiada;

with the diphthong “au” : Ardauli, Austis, Ballau, Bauladu, Baunei, Giaùni/Jaùni, Lòiri Poltu Santu Pàulu, Paùli, Narcàu, Lu Palàu, Paùli Arbarèi, Pàu, Pàulle, Paùli Gerrèi/Pàùli Xrexèi, Santu Sparàu, Tempio Pausania ,

Gonnos fanadiga,  Gonnos nò,  Gonnos codina,  Gonnos tramatza, all localities that contain the suffix Gonnos;

Some of these facts could be coincidences.

Warning: this site contains experimental research by a non-professional, so there may be logical or methodological errors in the research. Scientists will be able to screen out errors from correct information. What matters are the possible useful information that can be derived from it.

City/town/town names that need more serious scrutiny:

Teulada   in Sardinia corresponds to  Teulada in  Spain

Aritzo   in Sardinia corresponds to  Aritzu in the  Basque country

Monastir   in Sardinia corresponds to  Monastir in  Tunisia

Orani   in Sardinia corresponds to  Orano in  Algeria

Pula  in Sardinia corresponds  to  Pula  in the former Yugoslavia

Palau   in Sardinia corresponds to  Palau , province of Lleida in Spain, and  Palau in Micronesia

Sa  Baronia  in Sardinia corresponds to  La Baronia de Rialb , 25747, Province of Lleida, Spain; but also corresponds  Sa Baronia located in the Sierra de Tramuntana , declared a World Heritage Site, just 25 km from Palma de Mallorca.

Tethys   in Sardinia corresponds to the Tethys Sea, the Titan Tethys son of Uranus and Gea and a Pharaoh  called Teti

Sa  Portedda  in  Sulcis  corresponds to  La Portella  in  Catalonia, Spain

to  Memphis  in Sicily corresponds a second  Memphis  in Sicily and a  Memphis  in Egypt

Amarnas  in Algeria corresponds  to  Amarna  in Egypt, the modern name of Akhetaton, the city of Akhenaten

Gadeiros  , brother of the Sulcis Atlas and son of Poseidon and Clito, corresponds to   Gadir (Cadiz) corresponds  to  Gadir  in Morocco,  Agadir  in Morocco,  Port of Gadir  in Pantelleria, Bay of  Ghadira  in Malta; moreover, now we understand why Plato speaks of the  Gadirica region  in front of the Pillars of Hercules: probably the  Gadirica  was the region near the present  Villasimius , but this is all to be verified

Cariddi   in Sardinia corresponds to  Cariddi in  Sicily

Pompu   corresponds to  Pompeii in Italy and Pohnpei in Micronesia

Umbria   in Italy corresponds to the Kingdom of  Northumbria in  England

Anglona  in Sardinia corresponds to Anglia  and Angleterre , land of  the Angles

Gallura   corresponds to  Gaul, Gallipoli,  Wales   and the  surname Gallus (probably many are just linguistic coincidences; however  it is worth investigating and perhaps disproving these similarities in a scientific way )

Bithia   corresponds  to Bithinia

Olbia   in Sardinia corresponded to  Olbia in Egypt , it is mentioned in ancient history books

Alguier  (Alghero) corresponds  to  Algiers

Bari   corresponds to  Bari Sardo  in Sardinia

Meana   corresponds to  Meana Sardo  in Sardinia

Prato   corresponds to  Prato Sardo  in Sardinia

Riola   corresponds to  Riola Sardo  in Sardinia

Neapolis  (in Greek: Νεάπολις; in Sardinian: Nabui) or “new city”,  was an ancient city in Sardinia  corresponding to  Neapolis, the ancient name of Naples in Italy

to the locality Tempio- Ampurias , Beach of  Ampurias , corresponds in Spain  Empúries , 17130, Province of Girona, Spain, called in Spanish  Ampurias .

the French locality Pau corresponds to the surname  Pau , very frequent and perhaps originally from the Sulcis  ; someone might even go so far as to notice that, while in French the diphthong “au” reads “o”, and therefore Pau in French is read “Pò”, there is an Occitan pronunciation, which as present in Wikipedia under the entry Pau_(France  ) ,  Pau is pronounced exactly, as in the Sardinian language , at least partially confirming my statements. It would be interesting to do a study on Occitan, to see if there could be connections with the languages ​​and dialects of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block, as also happens with the Corsican, Basque, Sicilian, Romanian and many others;

Caria  is a Sardinian surname which corresponds to  Caria , which was a historical region in western Anatolia;

Solanas  is a Sardinian locality  and  Solanas  is both a Sardinian and a Spanish surname :

Solanas  is a  Spanish surname  . Notable people with the surname include:

• Alberto Solanas  (born 1995), Spanish athlete
• Fernando Solanas  (1936–2020), Argentine film director
• Ignacio Martín Solanas  (born 1962), Spanish footballer
• Juan Diego Solanas  (born 1966), Argentine film director
• Valerie Solanas  (1936–1988), American feminist

(taken from  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanas_(surname)   )

perhaps these are not coincidences. First of all, it is necessary to go back to the first original toponyms, to understand if they have been changed recently or if they are ancient or the original ones. I propose to study these correspondences: that the name has to do with some kind of direct dominion, colonization or relationship of some kind, is yet to be officially proven with more robust evidence.

We have seen the  surname Sais , the  surname Pau , but the  surname Usai  is also interesting:  the Usai mummy exists in Bologna , which demonstrates the contacts between the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean population and ancient Egypt. In fact,  Usai is an exclusively Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean surname: all over the world, anyone called Usai is of Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean origins . Uras  is a Sardinian surname, Sardinian country and Sumerian deity. Cabras  is a Sardinian surname,  Cabras  is a Sardinian town and  in Cabras  they found the Giants of Mont’E Prama, and ” cabras” in Sardinian means “goats”, which is a term that probably originated in the Paleolithic or Neolithic period, as goats definitely marked the transition from hunters to breeders and farmers. Sinis  is a surname and  Sinis  is a locality. Piras is a surname  and  Piras is a locality . With the  Usai mummy  we have the presence of Sardinian-Corsican surnames in Ancient Egypt, and this should make us reflect. It is difficult to explain in a few words, I will do it in another context:  the Sumerians, the Akkadians and the Babylonians, with very high probability, were Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean migrations in times that scientists will now have to recalculate based on new discoveries. It will be difficult and wonderful, having to go over all the texts all over again and try to figure it out. However, I can give you some insights: there are probably links between the Sardinian surname  Cadelanu ,  Candelanu  and  Kandalanu , a Neo-Babylonian king; between the town of  Sarroch  in Sardinia and Dur- Sharrukin  of Nineveh; these discoveries open the door to a new type of approach with the Sumerian and Mesopotamian culture in general. The gods of Sumerian mythology were miners … e Sulcis itself has the oldest mine in Italy and perhaps in Europe: if it still supplies resources now, what was it like 11,000 years ago? 
Now: if a scientist had serious intentions, he could, starting from my observations, do further research. In this way, little by little perhaps it will come out that  the Pharaoh Teti of the VI dynasty who reigned in Egypt emerged from the city of Teti in Sardinia … Perhaps we will realize that  two Pharaohs are called Pepi I and Pepi II: but Pepi or Peppi in Sardinia it is the diminutive of  Giuseppi , i.e. Giuseppe (it may be a simple coincidence) . Even today in Sardinia people named Giuseppe are nicknamed  Pepi to show affection, familiarity and friendship.
One might notice that the  Sardo-Corsican Atlanteans  often assigned the same name to various cities, so we have  two localities called Memphis in Sicily and we have ancient Memphis in Egypt … we have  Akrotiri in Cyprus and Akrotiri in Santorini ; Gadir (Cádiz) in Spain has the corresponding Porticciolo di Gadir in Pantelleria, and Gadir and Agadir in Morocco , because the names of some villages and port localities are Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans. It would explain why there is Umbria and in England there is the Kingdom of Northumbria. Murgia  is a Sardinian surname and ” le Murgie or la Murgia ” is an Italian locality.

Doing this type of research takes time and patience, it’s not a simple thing. But I hope I have given you an excellent initial input, which can make your work easier.

Here are some examples that could open up new research ideas that are totally innovative and, I believe, perhaps never explored before:

1. Sardinians Maurreddus  della Maurreddanìa in Mauretania and in Mauritania;
2. Sardinian Maltamonenses  from Malta;
3. Sardinian Galillenses  in Galilee; in this regard, see  the article here ; the  commentary by Bartolomeo Porcheddu ; by now it is also known to archaeologists that an entire Sardinian city dating back at least between the 12th and 11th centuries BC was discovered and unearthed on Mount Carmel;
4. Sardinian Patuanenses Campania  in Campania;
5. Sardinian Beronicenses   seem connected with the Veronicenses then Veronienses, passing through Etruscan Tuscany;
6. Sardinians Ilienses-Troes  seem to be the founders of  Ilio-Troia , that’s why Ilio, that is the city of Troy, was created through concentric circles. They represented the Sacred Furrows of Sulcis (Sulcus, Sulci, Latin ablative locative in Sulcis, to be translated as “The place of the Furrows” [Traced by Poseidon around the hill where his wife Clito lived]);
7. Sardinians of Gallura  appear to be connected with  Gaul ;
8. The Balares Sardinians  were probably the rulers of the Baleares ( Balearic Islands );
9. The Sardinians of Laconi  possessed  Laconia  in Greece;
10. Furthermore,  the Sumerian and Mesopotamian religions are full of Sardinian terms, surnames and names : this fact should make us reflect.
    Uras, Sardinian surname, name of a Sumerian divinity;
    Kadelanu, Sardinian surname, becomes the name of a Mesopotamian King Kandelanu;
    Sarroch, country name, becomes King Sarrukkin in Mesopotamia;
    S’iskuru, Sardinian way of saying, in Mesopotamia is the god Iskur;
    Samassi, a Sardinian country, is the Sumerian god Samas;
    Uta, a Sardinian village, is the god Utu;
    Sinnai, a Sardinian country, is the Mesopotamian god Sin-Nanna;
    Maybe we should start asking ourselves a thousand questions from new points of view.
    In my opinion, a total revision of the historical, geographical, geological, commercial, constructive sources is now necessary… from my point of view, an immediate and decisive paradigm shift is necessary:  ​​the Sardinian Paradigm Corso Atlantideo .

Further strangeness of Sardinian surnames : they seem to be very ancient and have  a deictic function , suffice it to say that some are  “Pani” and “Casu”, “pane” and “cheese” ; “Boi” ox ; and the bull was sacred to the Atlanteans. This could also be a research trail: perhaps the surnames were born in the Paleolithic or Neolithic in the Sardinian-Corsican geological block? This could explain why many currently existing surnames represent concepts ideophonically: bread, cheese, ox, crow ( Pani, Casu, Boi, Crobu ), with a 1:1 relationship with reality, i.e. each surname corresponds to a real existing object .

Isis is the mother of Horus (Horus, Oro) in Egyptian mythology. In Sardinia, the locality Isidoro (Isis + Oro) is present in Sulcis, a term that had a religious value. With the advent of the Christian religion, in an attempt to convert the Sardinians to the new religion, everything possible was done to bring these terms back to Christianity, for which the archaic terminology Isidore began to be associated with the figure of a saint, Sant’ Isidore. Now this passage can be very clear to the eyes of the reader.

Indeed, in Sardinia very ancient representations of Isis and Oro (Horus, Horus) have been found, which archaeologists in general have always brought back to Egyptian culture, overturning the real facts, as I will try to show in all the reasoning on this website. Isis and Horus were figures from Sulcis, taught in Mesolithic and Neolithic times to the Egyptians. This would explain the cult of Isis in Spain, in Pompeii, in Rome… what was the point of venerating only one divinity of the Egyptian Pantheon? Very simple: the goddess was a divinity of Sulcis as the Atlantean capital, and the cult was widespread throughout the Mediterranean; however, Egypt also retained many other aspects of the cult taught and handed down by the Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans, for which Isis was only one of the ancient divinities.

08 April 2023, 06:32

A few minutes ago I realized that French also behaves like Sardinian, at least in one case:

Samzun is a surname, and it is also a locality where there is a prehistoric megalithic circle, precisely on what I hypothesize to be the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean routes that allowed the megalithism to spread across the European coasts in particular. It is necessary to do a research to understand if and which surnames exist in France that are also toponyms.

The cult of the bull remains in the names, still to be verified, of  Gioia Tauro  and  Taurianova .

The Hesperides Islands and the Garden of the Hesperides

After the semi-submersion of the Atlantean Corsican Sardinian block, only the mountainous areas of the island of Atlantis remained out of the water, and were interpreted as two islands. But thousands of years had to pass before being called Sardinia and Corsica. At first they were called the Hesperides Islands, where there was a garden with golden fruits, called the Garden of the Hesperides.

The extreme end of the world was called Caput Terrae, Capoterra in present-day Sardinia.

In Capoterra there was the Garden of the Hesperides, which had golden fruits: it is not clear to the writer whether these golden fruits were lemons, or yellow apples or who knows what other golden fruit. Once again, the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian toponymy comes to the rescue: in Capoterra, in the province of Cagliari, there is a place still called Frutti d’Oro today.

It’s difficult to explain in a few words, I’ll do it in another context: the Sumerians, the Akkadians and the Babylonians , with very high probability, were Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean migrations in times that scientists will now have to recalculate on the basis of the new discoveries. It will be difficult and wonderful, having to go over all the texts all over again and try to figure it out. However, I can give you some insights: there are probably links between the Sardinian surname Cadelanu , Candelanu and Kandalanu, a Neo-Babylonian king ; between the village of Sarroch in Sardinia and Dur- Sharrukinof Nineveh; these discoveries open the door to a new type of approach with the Sumerian and Mesopotamian culture in general.
Atlantis was bigger than Libya and Asia put together: now, by inverse procedure, we can deduce the size of these two geographical realities in about 9600 BC. The people who boldly advanced and wanted to conquer all the peoples who lived beyond the Pillars of Hercules, therefore, were the Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans who inhabited the Sardinian-Corsican geological block when it was still dry land, before the submersion in about 9600 BC. The whole of Sulcis (Sulcis is a geographical area of ​​lower Sardinia, west of Cagliari) is very rich in Atlantean toponymy: Acquacadda ,Acquafredda (city that disappeared in the Middle Ages), Acquafredda Castle , S’Acqua Callenti de Susu , S’Acqua Callenti de Baxiu , Acqua Callentis (another fraction that means Hot Water ), over three thousand and two hundred Sardinian toponyms just by looking for the portion of the word ” funt” (“funti” or “fonti” means “source” in at least one of the Sardinian variants). It is possible to cross-check my statements with Google Maps and with the Sardinian database of regional toponyms, as well as in the ways you deem appropriate.

In fact, Plato narrates that the island of Atlantis was rich in water. And in fact the world famous Sardinian linguist Salvatore Dedola (a super genius that you absolutely have to study in depth, together with Bartolomeo Porcheddu, another extraordinary scholar ) shows that Sassari, Thatari (Sardinian name of Sassari) and Serramanna, to give just one example, mean “Rich in Waters”. Toponymy and onomastics confirm the Platonic myth. It will be necessary to open sectoral studies to bring new information to those collected and demonstrated so far, and it is necessary that they be done by professionals in the sector.

SARDINIAN Oddities CORSO ATLANTIDEA

Regarding the Gadirica area, it is possible that it was not the name of Gadir (Cádiz), but of a homonymous geographical area of ​​the Sardinian-Corsican block, now submerged. Why would it have the same name as Gadir? For the same reason that Teulada in Sardinia has the equivalent Teulada in Spain ; Pula has a Pula in Dalmatia ; Aritzo in Sardinia corresponds to Aritzu in Spain ; Monastir in Sardinia corresponds to Monastir in Tunisia , Alguier (Alghero) corresponds to Algiers in Algeria , the fraction Su Vaticanu of Santadi corresponds to the Vatican in Rome , Pompu in Sardinia corresponds to Pompeii , Bari corresponds to Bari Sardo, and I could go on and on, but I risk boring you. For this reason, Gadir della Gadirica, in the Sardinian-Corsican geological block, would correspond with Gadir (ie Cadiz) .

PLATONIC MEASUREMENTS

Taking the longer diagonal that cuts the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block, we obtain that it measures approximately 555 kilometres; this measure appears, calculated in stages, in the measures provided by Critias to describe the island. If we exclude “the band of mountains that fall directly on the sea” (i.e. the mountains now present in Corsica and the right side of Sardinia such as the Gennargentu), measuring the rectangular perimeter of the remaining territory currently semi-submerged, it is greater than 10,000 stadiums exactly as stated by Plato. It is therefore possible that the scientific community will carry out independent measurements to verify the veracity of these statements.

TIMEO IS NOT ONLY ABOUT ASTRONOMY, BUT ALSO ABOUT GEOLOGY

Summarizing for clarity: the priests of the city of Sais in Egypt were trying, in their own way, to explain to Solon a geological event of submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block in the center of the Mediterranean, a sea which in 9600 BC was called the Atlantic Ocean or Sea Atlantic (it took its name from the island of Atlantis, the largest of all before it ended up semi-submerged). Atlantis was therefore also larger than Sicily, which now, after its sinking, turns out to be the largest island, and not Sardinia.

Therefore the period of the sinking would be approximately around 9600 BC, differently from the hypothesis of the Sardinian Nuragic Atlantis, which is clearly wrong also for the reasons listed elsewhere by Sardinian archaeologists .

Stratigraphic analyzes must descend into the ground to find the remains of about 11,600 years ago, in order to find the remains of the “capital” of Atlantis or its population, and it is also very clear why there are no bodies of the deceased Atlanteans in the Nuragic layers.

COLUMNS OF HERCULES IN THE CANAL OF SICILY: NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS

Frau (2002), whom I sincerely thank for his extraordinary contributions to the discipline, places the Pillars of Hercules  between Sicily and Tunisia . Indeed, there is a possibility that these have been found. In fact, the scientific community from all over the world is in the process of analyzing the very recent discovery of what appear to be structures of an anthropic nature located right in the Strait of Sicily, found through bathymetric analyzes of the Emodnet system of the European Union , in Birsa Bank and El Haouaria Bank , exactly between Sicily and Tunisia, and a short distance from Pantelleria. A second anomalous discovery from a bathymetric point of view was made, ofan apparently rectangular structure in the Sicily-Malta continental carbonate platform , flanked by the Sicily-Malta Continental Escarpment (Sicily-Malta Escarpment for geologists) .

The scientific world has not yet expressed itself on the matter ; it is not even known whether studies are being carried out on this matter. 5 computerized and independent bathymetric systems were used, programmed and managed autonomously, which returned the same results, which suggests that these structures really exist on the seabed. The cost of a shipment, however, is prohibitive for a single individual, and it will be necessary to wait for the intervention of third parties.

THE MUD AROUND THE ISLAND OF ATLANTIS

Why then was all around the submerged Corsican Sardinian island full of mud that prevented navigation ? Because the sea currents, after the sinking of the Corsican Sardinian geological block, began to tear away layers of soil that emerged from the surface as Sardinia does now, creating over the millennia what geologists today call the Sardinian “continental platform”. run . As the sea currents “washed” away layers of soil, destroying all the inhabited centers and structures that had been built before 9600 BC on the Sardinian-Corsican coastal strips, the water was clouded by muddy materials, and this is clear and obvious to thought and reflection.

GENETICS

In Atlantis “there lived the oldest ones”, and we all know of the Corsican Sardinian centenarians , to the point that the Sardinian genetic code has not only been and is studied all over the world, but has even been stolen (see the theft of 25,000 test tubes with 17 suspects, following the theft of the DNA test tubes of the Sardinians which according to the press took place at the Genos Park of Perdasdefogu in August 2016). That the Sardinian-Corsican block is ancient for the ancients is obvious to educated scholars: just mention the discovery of a fragment of carapace of Arthropleura armata of the Carboniferous of Iglesias (PAS Museum – EA Martel of Carbonia) , but anyone interested can inquire at a paleontologist, above all the extraordinary Daniel Zoboli.It is therefore obvious that the learned Egyptians were able, from many details, to understand the antiquity of the Sardinian-Corsican block , which they called Atlantis .

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

The Temple of Horus in Edfu, Egypt: reinterpretation of the texts based on the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean paradigm

In Egypt, in the city of Edfu , there is a temple entirely covered in hieroglyphics. There are various translations, difficult to make also because of the content: in fact, the majority of these texts tell of the origin of civilization, of the origin of the world .

The Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean paradigm helps in deciphering these texts, helping to clarify the meaning of most of them; to understand better, however, it is necessary to provide the reader with some basic information which will then allow him to understand almost the entire text.

In the Temple of Edfu, the Mediterranean Sea is called “The Eternal Lake”, “The Eternal Lake” or “The primordial waters” . In the Eternal Lake there was an island that lay in the primordial waters, i.e. the Sardo-Corsican block when this was a single land above sea level, over 11,600 years ago, during the Pleistocene. This same island is called by Plato, in the dialogues entitled Timaeus and Critias, with the name of Atlantis. The historical account is the same, but a few different terms are used to describe the same things. By combining the texts of Timaeus and Critias with information carved in the Temple of Edfu, it is possible to obtain further information useful for understanding the prehistoric past of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean island and its relations with the ancient Egyptian world.

Edfu texts can be viewed at this address:
https://books.google.it/books?id=7sdRAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q=%22the%20island%20of%20creation%22&f=false

Since I did not know these texts, I will slowly begin to try to make them translatable by relying on all the information that has been provided to us by the Platonic texts and by new scientific discoveries of various kinds: archaeological, genetic, geographical, linguistic, etc.
For hieroglyphic writing analysis, I will make use of the typewriter available online here:
https://discoveringegypt.com/egyptian-hieroglyphic-writing/hieroglyphic-typewriter/

I will try to rewrite the texts of Edfu trying to make them clearer for a contemporary citizen, replacing all ancient terms with modern ones. For example, instead of “Lago Eterno” I will write “Mediterranean Sea”, instead of “Isola dell’Uovo” I will write “sardinian-Corso-Atlantean semi-submerged island”, and so on.

The primordial world of the Gods is an island (in hieroglyphic iw) partly covered by reeds, which lay in the darkness of the primordial waters of the Mediterranean, occupied by Mesolithic inhabitants whose DNA was analyzed in two out of three individuals of the rock shelter of Su Carroppu, in present-day Sardinia.

This population was considered divine, the reason is not yet clear. Perhaps because they were culturally far ahead of the rest of the world’s population. They probably already knew some metallurgy in the Mesolithic (I still have to prove it) and this was perceived by other peoples as a divine characteristic. In fact, Nekhbet and other divinities have the symbol of metallurgy in their paws, which in my opinion is also the symbol that the Egyptians used to indicate the Sulcis or the origin from the mining Sulcis. Among the creator gods, Ptah seems to have a very important role. Now, it’s still unclear at the moment if this has anything to do with Poseidon. At present it is still difficult to understand, I am forced to study Egyptology to try to understand the possible connections. Some information can be found in the Stone of Shabaka. The creation texts are of the Heliopolitano or Hermopolitano type, from the respective cities where the texts were found engraved on the walls. The first Egyptian pharaohs were probably inhabitants of the Sardinian-Corsican block, i.e. of what for the Egyptians was the Primordial Island or Egg Island. In fact, the priest who speaks to Solon in Timaeus and Critias points out that at the beginning the Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans had arrogantly attempted to invade the entire Mediterranean. Gobekli Tepe could be a Sardinian-Corsican Atlantean colony before the submersion. The partial submersion of the island and the death of millions of inhabitants, and the destruction of many cities and works of art must have been a tremendous trauma for the Sardinian settlers in Turkey.

The myth continues: first is Atum, the god who hovers over the waters; then the pyramid-shaped hill appears from which the sun originated, and Atum climbed it. Atum was bisexual; he cried, and the tears became men and women. He gave birth, and Geb, the earth, male and lying down, and Nut, a woman clinging to him, were born. Atum made them separate from the air, Shu.

Atum hovering over the waters, is then taken up by the bible: “And the spirit hovered over the waters”, in Genesis, before creation. Geb and Nut had children: Isis, Osiris, Seth and Nephthys.

This is the myth of Heliopolis.

The Hermopolitan Egyptian Creation instead provides that the sun was born from a mound. And indeed, around the world, there has been at least one civilization that has built a disproportionate amount of burial mounds. Even in the US. This should at least make you think. Now, in Sulcis there is a structure made in this way, but I don’t know if it’s just a coincidence.

GEOGRAPHY

Plato affirms that from the Isle of Atlantis (which here proves to be the Corsican Sardinian block) it was possible to go to the surrounding islands and to what is truly the continent. This is perfectly true: from the Sardinian-Corsican block, when it was dry land, it is possible to go to the surrounding islands, and it is really located in the center of the Atlantic Ocean (the Mesolithic name for the Mediterranean).
We Sardinians on a linguistic level, fortunately, have still kept these ways of saying: ” Deppu andai in Continenti ” ( I have to go to the Continent), when we have to go to the Boot. This statement makes those who hear us Sardinians die laughing, but fortunately it helps us understand what Plato meant: linguistically, when the Sardinian-Corsican block was dry land, we Sardinians linguistically called the island “continent”. Leaving the island was “going to the continent, to another continent”. After the sinking, this linguistic use remained at the level of Sardinian dialects, so we say that “we are going to the continent”, astounding those who listen to us. Furthermore, the Sardinians call the Italians who live in the boot “The Continentals”, confirming what was written by Plato and said by the Egyptian high priest in Sais, Egypt, to Solon. Atlantologists (that is, scholars of Atlantis) up to now have interpreted the word “Continent” with the semantics currently in vogue; they have forgotten that in 9600 BC the word “continent” could have a semantic, pragmatic and semiotic different from the current one. So someone claims that America is a continent, and therefore America can be Atlantis. In my opinion these interpretations show the side to many criticisms, and appear very trivial in my eyes.

In short, all Platonic statements, if placed in the right context, are rational and explainable correctly. However, they require a certain mental humility, a certain “willingness to listen”. Since they are strong affirmations, which have consequences, they probably need a few months of reflection and meditation before they can be properly assimilated and digested. Incidentally, it’s been 2600 years (from the time of Solon) that no one understood what the island of Atlantis was, indeed, it was stated almost everywhere that Plato was exaggerating. With regards to the submersion/sinking of the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian island , this would be a geological problem, where I can only speculate. For example, there may be at least three concurrent causes: Meltwater Pulses, in particular the meltwater pulse 1b, also studied by NASA technicians. In addition, geological settlement movements due to what geological experts call ” slab roll-back “. Furthermore, it has even been hypothesized, but still being verified, that a tectonic fault passes under the Sulcis, the same one that passes under Pompeii and Herculaneum, arrives under the Sulcis and continues up to Gibraltar . In possible support of the thesis that Atlantis is the Sardinian-Corsican island partially submerged and its continental shelf currently submerged, we report here some scientific evidence.  On February 28, 2017, a study was published in the journal Scientific Reports of the Nature group which presents new archaeogenetic data. These data reinforce the archaeological evidence of the clear cultural discontinuity between the first inhabitants of the island, dating back to about 11,000 years ago, and the architects of its definitive population which occurred about 3,000 years later, with the arrival of the first farmers-breeders. . This important discovery is based on the analysis of DNA extracted from the skeletal remains of two individuals buried in the prehistoric shelter of Su Carroppu di Sirri in Carbonia . At present, these remains represent the oldest evidence of human presence on the island. Now, from 9600 BC to today about 9600 + 2023 years have passed, i.e. 11623. The evidence cited above is precisely from 11000 years ago. A study was conducted on the clear cultural discontinuity between the first visitors to the island of Sardinia around 11,000 years ago and the architects of its stable and definitive population, which took place around 3,000 years later with the arrival of the first farmers-breeders. The study is based on the analysis of DNA extracted from the skeletal remains of two individuals buried in the prehistoric shelter of Su Carroppu di Sirri in Carbonia, which represent the oldest direct evidence of human presence on the island. The study is part of the research project funded by the Autonomous Region of Sardinia on the history of the first Neolithic population of the island. The genetic sequences obtained were compared with ancient and modern data and revealed a large difference in the genetic variability of the current population of the island compared to the first humans who frequented it, with most of the genetic variability appearing to have been determined by the migratory flow of populations who introduced the productive economy starting from the most ancient Neolithic. The Mesolithic sequences of the Su Carroppu samples belong to the groups named J2b1 and I3, which have very low or low frequencies in Europe. The relevance of the scientific discovery stimulated the intensification of research in the key site of Su Carroppu, already investigated between the years 1960-1970 and currently the subject of systematic excavations directed by the University of Cagliari. Happy searching to all of you. If anyone is interested, the theory of Atlantis as the Sardinian-Corsican island and all of its continental shelf currently submerged, can also explain other things in a very intuitive way. For example, the Greeks and Romans probably thought that the submersion of the Corsican Sardinian geological block had been a punishment from the gods for the arrogant inhabitants, who “overbearingly attempted, in one fell swoop, to invade the lands on this side of the Colonne D’ Hercules (perhaps located in the current Birsa Bank, an apparently anthropized seamount below the Strait of Sicily, data scientifically verified through Emodnet bathymetries). First I tried to clarify the toponymy. Now we can try to clarify the onomastics: the Gods punished the Sardinian-Corsicans, called by the Egyptians “Atlanteans”, according to what was stated in the Platonic texts around 9600 BC, “crushing the Sardinian-Corsican island underfoot, and it sank” (the quotation mark is my hypothesis). And this is easily explained why the Greeks called Sardinia Ichnusa (footprint) and the Romans called it Sandalia (sandal imprint). Even the name is now very clear: they were Greeks and Romans who mocked Sardinia, which was what remained of the great Sardinian-Corsican power, which the Egyptians called “Atlantis” in the story given to Solon, who told it to Dropides, who spoke of it to grandpa Critias, who told him to grandson Critias, who told Socrates in the Platonic dialogues of Timaeus and Critias. If any reader wants to know the original history of the Corsican Sardinian geological block, before it sank around 9600 BC, he is obliged to read Timaeus and Critias, two texts written by the Greek Plato. All the rest of the texts published to date have done nothing but add entropy, chaos, confusion to the history of the Sardinian-Corsican block, as characters like Cayce or Madame Blavatsky, professional charlatans, used the Atlantis argument to money, publishing books full of lies and entertaining the curious, especially after they saw that the book by Ignatius Donnelly entitled ATLANTIS: THE ANTEDILUVIAN WORLD, had had an incredible worldwide media coverage. Furthermore, cinema and television have introduced a lot of nonsense on the subject of Atlantis, so when we talk about this topic many have in mind pieces of films or cartoons or fantasy books that have nothing to do with it. what Plato said. Hence: the Greek name Ichnusa, and Latin Sandalia, confirm my hypothesis that the ancients thought that the gods punished the Sardinian-Corsican island by crushing it underfoot. There was still no geological science as we understand it today. Furthermore:the Wadati-Benioff tectonic fault that passes under Pompeii and Herculaneum, and which destroyed them, is probably the same that continues as far as the Sulcis in present-day Sardinia and continues until it reaches the current Strait of Gibraltar. Since this fault is activated in geological times, the citizens who live in the Sulcis are not aware of the seismic activity. When this releases its elastic energy, frightening disasters occur, such as the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar, the destruction of cities and places such as Pompeii and Herculaneum, or the submersion of the Sardo-Corsa island. But the submersion is probably also due to another very important cause: the geological settlement of the Sardinian-Corsican island following the “slab roll-back” which, as revealed to us by the ancient Egyptian priest, took place around 9600 BC. The Slab Roll-Back, concomitantly with the tectonic awakening of the fault present under the Sulcis and currently unknown to the official geology which instead knows a fault further south along Africa, and perhaps also due to the succession of various Meltwater Pulses after the Wurm glaciation, they caused the partial submersion of the Sardo Corsa island. Now,out of the water, only the tops of the mountains remained, which we now believe are separate islands, and which our civilization now knows by the names of Sardinia and Corsica. Furthermore, all the toponymy and onomastics present in Sulcis leave one question: why do all these Sulcis places recall Plato’s story? We will then be able to pick up the Platonic text again to try to understand why. First of all, if the Pillars of Hercules were located at Birsa Bank, and the Sardinian-Corsican island and its currently submerged continental shelf is really Atlantis, this means that in 9600 BC it was customary to call the current Mediterranean Sea with the name of Sea Atlantic (i.e. sea of ​​the island of Atlantis) or Atlantic Ocean (Ocean of the currently submerged Sardinian-Corsican island, i.e. Atlantis). I haven’t read Frau (2002) yet, so I don’t know if he has already published some of my statements, in which case I apologize in advance. Mine are only reflections resulting from the reasoning made in the last two years. Please let me know of any shortcomings or apparent plagiarism, thanks in advance. If all of this is true, then Poseidon was perhaps a man, and obviously not a deity (why, have you ever met one in person?), and this man fell in love with a teenage girl whose parents had died, Clito. The Platonic account states that Poseidon surrounded the hill with water channels. Now, just the Sulcis (but look what a coincidence! Or maybe it’s not a coincidence?) is volcanic in nature, so right in the center of the Sulcis there is a hill or mountain, if you like, not too high, and this is visible using satellite systems such as Google Maps or Google Earth, which even allows you to tilt the view by pressing the shift key on the computer keyboard. But are these places really ancient as Plato says or are they very recent places? Easy to verify: right in the center of Sulcis, you can verify that there are prehistoric IS ZUDDAS caves, and nearby there is ACQUACADDA (Poseidon put two sources there, one of cold water and one of hot water, and the locality is called Acquacadda …but look what an incredible coincidence!Of course I have imagination!) and very ancient archaeological finds have been found in the locality of Acquacadda. Now an expert might argue that the finds, for example, are only 6,000 years old. Note: an expert should look for the stratigraphic layers of 9600 BC: only then would it be possible to obtain more detailed information. Instead, currently, in these places groups of children are brought to watch. In my opinion this is dangerous but I’m not a stratigraphy specialist so I have no say in the matter. Also in Sulcis, the Su Benatzu cave was found, which is an authentic archaeological treasure, which could contribute to research on the topic “what happened in the millennia after the sinking of the Sardinian-Corso-Atlantean island?” (I have to develop this topic). Furthermore, in support of the theory of the submerged Sardinian-Corsa Atlantis, there is another scientific discovery of marine archeology: the discovery of a load of 39 ingots of orichalcum by the extraordinary Sebastiano Tusa off the coast of Gela, in Sicily. Newspaper articles speculate that they came from Greece or Asia Minor, but now that we have all this information about the submerged Sardinian-Corsican island, we can assume that they came from this now submerged island, which is located a very short distance away, which makes the hypothesis very plausible. The antiquity of the semi-submerged Sardinian Corsican geological block is known to official science, and in particular also to geology, which is aware of the so-called “rotation of the Sardinian-Corsican block” which began about 40 million years ago, after the detachment of the from the present coast of Spain and France, and lasted about 15 million years (take the dates with a grain of salt, I wouldn’t be surprised if they turn out to be incorrect in the future). This is possible to know, as stated by the well-known geologist Mario Tozzi, because a great deal of research has been done in the paleomagnetic field, which showed how the only way to explain the geomagnetic orientation of the Sardinian-Corsican stone and geological structures is to bring it back to coincide with the current Hispanic-French coasts. Furthermore, the fact that the geological structure of Sardinia has various types of Graben Horst may have also contributed to the possible submersion, so that these geological adjustments may also have contributed to important and significant telluric displacements for the Sardinian-Corso-Atlanteans people who lived there. For example, the Campidano plain in Sardinia is a Graben Horst. The antiquity of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block is clear to geologists from all over the world as there are even “graptolites”, to which the Sapiens program by the extraordinary geologist Mario Tozzi has dedicated videos (see: “Goni’s Graptolites at Sapiens”). Now, if Atlantis is really the submerged Sardinian-Corsican block, then we have to verify again what Plato said. Atlantis dominated the Mediterranean also over Libya and Tyrrhenia, and over many islands scattered on the Ocean (let us remember that we have already shown that Ocean, in the texts of 9600 BC cited by the Egyptians, is the Sea of ​​Corsica and Sardinia, and not the current Atlantic Ocean). But if it is true that it dominated, then perhaps there were linguistic influences as well? Of course, and the evidence already exists: many scholars have noticed the incredible similarities between Sardinian dialects and languages ​​and the Corsican language, Sicilian “dialect” (or should we say the language?) (Minimum Dictionary. Sardinian Corso Siciliano. Correspondenze nel Gallurese, by Emilio Aresu and others),mainstream as no one imagined the enormous importance of this type of work, which shows to all intents and purposes that the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean languages ​​have spread throughout the Mediterranean. And now, thinking about it, we can begin to understand that even in the study of languages ​​there has been an inversion: it was believed that Sardinian resembles Spanish and Portuguese because we have been “dominated” by them in recent history, while probably the Spanish and Portuguese languages, in reverse, were imposed by the prehistoric Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean dominion of which, until now, we were not aware. New Sardinia has dedicated an article about it entitled: «That thread that binds Sardinians to Basques» by Paolo Curreli  in which an exceptional and ingenious linguist became aware of this Sardinian Corsican Atlantean linguistic heritage, and made it known to the world with his extraordinary works (from the article: “Hundreds of similar words in the study of Elexpuru Arregi. Many linguistic affinities . Two towns with the same names: Aritzo and Aritzu. But also Uri and Aristanus. The holly in Sardinian, galostiu, in Basque is gorostoi”). But Atlantidologists cannot arrive at these texts if no one shows their correlation with the theme of Atlantis. There is therefore still a lot of work to do, and this is just the beginning of a new era of studies. The peoples of the Corsican Sardinian block therefore influenced in prehistoric times the evolution of the current languages ​​and dialects and minority languages ​​of part of the Mediterranean and perhaps also of other places. Here is now explained in a very simple and crystalline way why the Sardinian, the Corsican, the Sicilian, the Basque, the Spanish, the Portuguese, the Veronese dialect (see for example all the names of asparagus, vegetables, etc. which are identical to the Sardinian ones) and who knows which others, are so similar. Now that we have this information, we can resume the overtime work of theProfessor Bartolomeo Porcheddu   and confront your statements, which are now all perfectly correct and all not only explainable, but even understandable and obvious to reason. What Professor Bartolomeo Porcheddu says is right and correct (in my eyes it is obvious, there is not even need to underline it, but in the interviews we sometimes get the impression that your theses are considered “fringe theories”, as if they were pseudo -science, while instead they are a demonstration of genius and intuition out of the ordinary). There are various sites that show how by now various scholars were already realizing the linguistic similarities between languages ​​and dialects of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block and other languages ​​and dialects scattered around the Mediterranean in particular, see also this article. Yet another article that talks about it is this one. In short, by now serious scholars were realizing that there was information we were not aware of, as if there really was an ancient civilization that was missing from the appeal of Ancient History, as Graham Hancock states: this civilization is the one that lived in the Corsican geological block currently semi-submerged, when this was an island and dry land: Graham Hancock was therefore right on this point. The impact of this extraordinary discovery creates a sort of shock in the scholar’s mind: in fact, now there is a sense of dephasing, of distrust. How is it possible that hardly anyone had ever noticed, except for some brilliant scholars who have even been laughed at for their claims? How is it possible that Plato was not believed? Even Aristotle himself did not believe him: “He who dreamed of Atlantis also made it disappear”. In conclusion: the old Egyptian priest was telling Solon, around 590 BC, that the Greeks are a young people, as the men of letters cyclically died from the catastrophes that periodically occur on the planet, and therefore their opinions on the past were like fairy tales, because they had not fixed historical events in written language. The Egyptians, on the other hand, fixed information on stone, so they had memories of facts that had faded over time. And he doesn’t immediately tell him about Atlantis, he tells him about the first Athens, founded in about 9600 BC, that is 1000 years before the city of Sais in Egypt. At that time, the Greeks accomplished a most extraordinary feat of all: they managed to free all the peoples of the Mediterranean from the invasion of one people,
Professor Sergio Frau (2002) realized that ” Sardinia is Atlantis “, while in reality it is a plateau of the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian geological block, and therefore tried to make Atlas Island coincide with Sardinia. The problem is that Sardinia is only a subset of Atlantis, therefore the whole Sardo-Corsican continental shelf was missing, which is currently submerged as the Platonic story of Timaeus and Critias says, and the mountainous area north of the island of Atlantis was missing, the emerged part of which is now called “Corsica”. Furthermore, Corsica was ceded to France, terribly complicating the search even more: in fact, human beings mentally, seeing that one part is Italian and one French, instinctively think that they are two different realities, while instead they are the same submerged island , as world-renowned geologists have already confirmed to me that they know. But geologists call this submerged island millennia ago with the name of “Sardinian Corsican geological block”, while the Egyptian priest who told Solon could not use the terms “Sardinia” and “Corsica” which did not yet exist. Then the archaeologists, using the scientific method, verified Frau’s claims, and they realized that scientifically the accounts did not add up, and they are right. In reality, both Frau and the archaeologists were right: Frau was right, as Sardinia is a subset of the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian island. The archaeologists were right, as Sardinia is too small in size to be Atlantis. Furthermore, the nuragic dating was unfortunately not correct, so it was rightly observed by our scientists. Perhaps what leaves us perplexed is the fact that Atlantis is a submerged island, so: why were the submerged bathymetries never shown during hundreds of encounters? Why haven’t bathymetry experts been summoned? This will likely remain a mystery for years to come.

If you really want to understand Atlantis: study the geology of the submerged Corsican Sardinian block. Studying the Sardinian dwarf elephants found in Sardinia, called Mammuthus Lamarmorae. When Plato writes that “the species of elephants was present” he is talking about this animal, not the Indian elephants. To understand Atlantis it is necessary to know the toponymy of Sulcis: “Poseidon put two springs there, one of cold water and one of hot water”. In fact, the Corsican Atlantean Sardinians called the towns of Sulcis with the following names: Acquafredda (which disappeared in the Middle Ages, but a Castle of Acquafredda remained in Siliqua), Acquacadda, S’acqua callenti de Susu, S’acqua callenti de Baxiu, Piscinas (perhaps following the submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block), the source of Zinnigas still exists, Upper Is Sais and Lower Is Sais (which probably gave their name to the city of Sais in Egypt where they told Solon of Atlantis). The Atlantean DNA has already been found and studied by Professor Carlo Lugliè, who has already SCIENTIFICALLY established that this population has a different DNA from that of the Neolithic people who populated Sardinia 3000 three thousand years later. Certain! If there was a catastrophe with the sinking of the Corsican Sardinian geological block, it is obvious that they died and a population with different DNA came later. In Sulcis Poseidon obviously loved caves. There were the caves of IS Zuddas and Acquacadda (here the theme of hot and cold water returns and therefore of the sources). But when he moved north, he probably went to the caves of Alghero, which the Romans still knew as Neptune’s Caves. But Neptune is the Latin name of Poseidon! So the caves of Neptune are the transfer location of this ancient ruler when he went to the north, probably to visit his sons. Until today, Poseidon / Neptune was thought to be a myth / legend, but he was a very ancient ruler, later deified. This fact is called “EVEMERISM”. I suggest to all readers that you take a look, to learn new things. If what I say is true, can I prove it somehow? If a person is intelligent he can deduce it in the following way. The Mammuthus Lamarmorae have so far been found in at least 3 locations: Funtanammari in Gonnesa, in Alghero where there is Neptune’s cave, and if I am not mistaken in the Sinis. In Alghero we have just said that there are the Grottoes of Neptune, therefore Poseidon used to go there, and they found the dwarf Sardinian mammoth. If you analyze the toponymy of Gonnesa, they found another dwarf mammoth of the elephant species in Funtanamari, which means “Fountain by the sea”. But the fountain is a source of water! Here is the theme of the island rich in water sources. Now, the Egyptian priest told Solon, around 590 BC, a lot of things, but the archaeologists cannot go so far as to claim that the priest also taught him the Sardinian-Corsican language and the various Atlantean dialects. All those that I list are not coincidences: Atlantis is really the Sardinian Corsican block currently half-submerged. Here is the theme of the island rich in water sources. Now, the Egyptian priest told Solon, around 590 BC, a lot of things, but the archaeologists cannot go so far as to claim that the priest also taught him the Sardinian-Corsican language and the various Atlantean dialects. All those that I list are not coincidences: Atlantis is really the Sardinian Corsican block currently half-submerged. Here is the theme of the island rich in water sources. Now, the Egyptian priest told Solon, around 590 BC, a lot of things, but the archaeologists cannot go so far as to claim that the priest also taught him the Sardinian-Corsican language and the various Atlantean dialects. All those that I list are not coincidences: Atlantis is really the Sardinian Corsican block currently half-submerged.
If Atlantis is really the Sardinian-Corsican semi-submerged block, then some parts of prehistory and history will have to be rewritten from scratch. I leave this work to you. I’m not capable of it. For me it has already been a superhuman effort to be able to put order in the midst of all this mess. I don’t care about fame. In my opinion, Professor Ugas came close when speaking of the Atlantic coast of Africa, but in my opinion, to better understand it, he could re-examine the text by Marco Ciardi, when he speaks of Bailly (Ciardi M., Atlantis A scientific controversy from Colombo to Darwin, Carocci editore, Rome, 1st edition, November 2002, p.92-97): in practice a part of the Atlantean colony colonized the area indicated by ProfessorUgas, while Poseidon became the ruler of the now submerged Sardinian-Corsican island. It is important to note that the currently submerged Sardinian-Corsican continental shelf is immense in size! That was an integral part of the island. 11,000 years of erosion by sea currents generated the mud that surrounded the island in the Platonic story, and this mud, settling, cleaned the waters of present-day Sardinia making them crystalline. Furthermore, there is a very small desert in Sulcis. This desert is most likely artificial.
The Timaeus is not only a text of astronomy, but also of geology, given that it deals with the geological sinking of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block.

Paradigm shift , as explained in the book by Thomas Kuhn, The structure of scientific revolutions, how the ideas of science change, Einaudi, Turin, 1969: I called it ” The Sardinian Corsican Atlantean paradigm”. Before, everyone believed that orbits were circular, following Eudoxus of Cnidus, Aristotle and Ptolemy in “Ipse Dixit” style. Then they realized, after an infinite number of tests after tests, that the orbits are elliptical. Then another paradigm shift occurred: the Bible said that the earth was at the center of the universe, and Copernicus said that the sun was in the focus of its elliptical orbit. Galileo confirmed this, and the Inquisition showed him the instruments of torture. Bruno was burned alive for supporting scientific truth. In my opinion, today we are once again facing something extraordinary: a new paradigm shift. The island of Atlantis is the Egyptian name for the currently semi-submerged Sardinian-Corsican geological block, whose two plateaus emerging out of the water are now known by the names of Sardinia and Corsica. The studies of Professor Carlo Lugliè show that the original Atlantean population, around 11,000 years ago, had a different DNA from the Neolithic people who populated it 3,000 years after the catastrophe, and lived above all by procuring marine resources, and for this reason, the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean settlements they were located mainly on the coasts. It is for this reason that civilization was almost completely wiped out: because the Atlanteans inhabited the paleocoasts and these were submerged “in the short span of a day and a night of terrible earthquakes and floods”. Today science calls the Atlantean paleocoasts with the name of “Sardinian-Corsican continental shelf”. Additionally, there have been as many as 11,000 years of sea currents eroding and destroying coastal structures. Perhaps it is impossible to still find the remains of this civilization. Furthermore, the Andreotti government has allowed the United States to set up a nuclear submarine base at La Maddalena, so the Americans have had at least half a century to make their raids with submarines in our waters. And since the Americans are clever, they have set up a “military base” right in Teulada, in Sulcis. But look, what a coincidence… Fantarcheology? Dear Superintendencies, where are your submarines for coastal exploration? Where are your thousands of reports on the Sardinian-Corsican seabed? Where are the 3D bathymetries of the seabed? Or maybe they were never done? And where are the letters to the Ministers, asking to obtain these things? To obtain funding by explaining its immense importance for the history of human civilization? If Corsican Sardinian Atlantis sank on a date to be ascertained, why do you waste your breath and energy looking for Atlantis in the nuragic layers? Once the existence of Atlantis with Sulcis as its capital is taken for granted, one has a precise idea of ​​where to look for the structures described by Plato: they must certainly be found in Sulcis

The dimensions coincide with what Plato said, also the distance of the capital from the sea, about 8.8 kilometers. Perhaps the problem is that the structures could also be 100 meters underground, because at first glance it seems that they have been submerged by mountains of earth (this needs to be verified, but it is understandable to the eye). Professor Salvatore Dedola is a genius: he noticed the incredible overlap between Sardinian and Babylonian, Sumerian and Akkadian names. “There was a Paleo-Neolithic linguistic coenosis”. It is all right! The linguistic coenosis was caused by the Atlantean people of the Sardinian-Corsican coasts, i.e. the same inhabitants whose DNA has already been analyzed in two individuals out of three of the rock shelter of Su Carroppu. The Sardo-Corsican Atlanteans migrated to the Mediterranean, giving rise to the Cretan civilization that adored the bull exactly like the Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans, would explain the highly evolved culture of the Minoans, as it had already been developed by the Sardinian Corsicans, the engraving of Poseidon’s trident found on the Palace of Knossos; and it would explain why the Sardinian ingots are found in Crete, in Cyprus, and why there is Akrotiri in Cyprus and there is a second Akrotiri in Santorini, where an evolved civilization lived that even had toilets and pipes… It would explain why on Mount Carmel they then found structures from the Nuragic era. It would explain why Atlit-Yam, Pavlopetri, Herakleion/Thonis, Baia and who knows how many others that you haven’t even found yet… And it would also explain why Atlit-Yam had that name, since perhaps Atlantis was the mother island from which they had migrated…Since Atlantis had laws (the orichalcum column engraved with the laws, on the top of which they poured bull’s blood? Sound familiar?), is it not surprising that the descendants then created the Code of Hammurabi, strengthened by the legal knowledge developed in the previous millennia on the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block. Give me the benefit of the doubt for just a moment. The Romans sought the Damnatio Memoriae for Atlantis. They subdued them, perhaps stripped the Neptune Caves of the little material that perhaps still remained, but they continued to call them by their name. In short, they knew Poseidon/Neptune, for them he was still a historical character. At this point it wouldn’t surprise me if names related to Atlantis had been banned, and maybe Atlas has become Antas, which could clarify the toponym S’Antadi. I haven’t been able to research this and I’m absolutely not capable of it. and S’Antadi also appears in Sant’Antonio di Santadi (but look what an incredible coincidence? The Americans have set up a military base here too… but what a strange coincidence… and then in Perdas de Fogu there is another military base, just where they stole the DNA of the inhabitants… what a strange coincidence… but of course I’m imaginative, huh? How about?) At the military base of the submarines of La Maddalena, the Americans brought, hear hear… moles to create tunnels among the largest in the world then existing. Why? Why were the Americans interested in digging huge tunnels in and around La Maddalena? What were they looking for underground? Had they seen any kind of metal via satellite (can be done)? I understand if they carry a missile, if they carry other materials useful for military purposes, but what about moles to dig tunnels? Perhaps it may be interesting to analyze where military bases are located to extract other useful information. Nuclear submarines for the Mediterranean? Just halfway between Sardinia and Corsica? There were incidents, and the newspapers once reported that the submarine was right in Teulada.

To learn more:

• the Atlantean name Gadiro, translated into Greek as Eumelo (reminiscent of Emilio);
• the relations between Karnak and Carnac;
• the Gadirica area and the exact location of the Columns: El Haouaria bank?
• are all the Gadiros therefore Sardinian-Corsican-Atlanteans?: starting from this hypothesis, find all the Gadiros mentioned in the official ancient history (one was Cretan; one was a poet; one won the Olympic Games competing with the foals brought to the funeral of Patroclus; find others);
• The presence of Sardinian toponyms that include the Sardinian divinities Corso Atlantis Isis and Horo (Oro): see the toponyms with Isidoro –> there is the possibility that the adoration of Isidoro was later Christianized in Sant’Isidoro. Note the presence of the same toponymy in Tenerife, a Sardinian-Corsican Atlantean colony.
• Further study to be done, on “mitza” Sardinian meaning -> means source, pool of water, as in the Platonic myth. It has a similar meaning in the Hebrew language, which is Semitic like Sardinian. I have the impression that the Jewish people in search of the promised land were nothing more than a portion of Sardinian peoples who migrated to Egypt in search of a land that would not sink, unlike the Sardinian block that was sinking. And this sinking, known only in remote times, every x thousand years, with the partial sinkings, is the same one that quoted Montezuma, stating that his ancestors came from the Atlantic Ocean (that is, the Mediterranean before 9600 BC), leaving a perfect land that was sinking though.
• The Cretans were Sardinian-Corsican Atlantean migrations –> Another reflection for archaeologists: why have I never heard any scholar make comparisons between the Minotaur and Su Boe Erchitu and Su Boe Muliache ? Why has no one ever pointed out that the minotaur is a Sardinian-Corsican mythological figure ? Look for the images of these characters online and you will understand that the minotaur is probably nothing more than an ancient Sardinian belief / legend, revived in Crete . The Minoans were Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean migrations to Crete; as you know, Evans chose the word “Minoans” arbitrarily. There is also the androcephalic or bronze bull of Nule , which does nothing but confirm all these statements. Su Boe Erchitu is a legendary creature of Sardinian popular tradition . This is not to be confused with Su Boe Muliache, another Sardinian legendary creature .I’m not saying I’m really right. I’m saying: why don’t we try to explore other avenues of thought? Why don’t we look for other kinds of solutions to unsolved problems? I hope these sentences of mine are understood for what they are: it is obvious that I am not a specialist; my proposal to scholars is to be open to examining possibilities that until now had been excluded a priori. Again, I invite you to re-examine the toponymy of Sulcis, because all those names of towns that refer to the Platonic myth are too strange: in Carbonia there is a hamlet called “Acqua Callentis”; in Nuxis “S’acqua callenti de Basciu”, S’Acqua callenti de Susu; the medieval town of Acquafredda disappeared, which left the castle of Acquafredda; the source of Zinnigas; and there are even links to Egyptian toponymy: Heliopolis (city of the sun) and in Sulcis Terr’e Soli (land of the sun, Terresoli). Sais in Egypt and Is Sais Inferiore and Is Sais Superiore in Sulcis. In short, in my opinion this toponymy should be seriously taken into consideration by a self-respecting scholar. I can also understand that perhaps no one has noticed until now, but now that I have made the information public, in my opinion it may be worthwhile for some scholars to start treading these new unexplored paths.
• The last few days I realized that Cabras is a surname, it is the name of a town; it is the locality where they found the Giants of Mont’e Prama; and I thought: “Cabras in Sardinian means goats”; this name can even date back to the Paleolithic! Immediately afterwards I thought: “I wonder if there was an ancient village called Brebeis”, which means “sheep” in Sardinian. I thought these things about 2 days ago. Just now, examining the Sulcis, I realized that there is the Is Brebeis pond, Stagno Le Pecore, right in the Sulcis . Crazy: it seems that my theories have a match in the real world, everything now seems to have a deep and even intuitive meaning. I had never heard of this Is Brebeis pond before…

If the Sardinian Corsican Atlantis theory were true and scientifically proven , there would be many immediate consequences from a scientific, historical, anthropological, cultural, linguistic, commercial and philosophical point of view. Here are some examples:

1. Scientific : The discovery of such an advanced civilization on such a remote island could stimulate new scientific research to better understand this civilization and its impact on the ancient world. New excavation and study campaigns may be required to explore the submerged ruins and ancient artifacts.
2. Historical : The discovery of such an advanced civilization on such a remote island could change the way we view ancient history. More research may be needed to better understand how this civilization developed and how it interacted with other Mediterranean cultures.
3. Anthropological : The discovery of such an advanced civilization on such a remote island could provide new information on the cultural exchanges between the different civilizations of the ancient Mediterranean. More research may be needed to better understand how these cultures interacted with each other and how they influenced each other’s traditions and customs.
4. Cultural : The legend of Atlantis has fascinated people for centuries and the discovery of its true location could inspire new works of art and literature. New stories, poems, paintings and sculptures representing this lost civilization could be created.
5. Linguistic : The discovery of such an advanced civilization on such a remote island could provide new information on the diffusion of languages ​​in the ancient Mediterranean. More research may be needed to better understand how these languages ​​spread among different Mediterranean cultures.
6. Trade : The discovery of such an advanced civilization on such a remote island could suggest the existence of unknown trade routes between the different cultures of the Mediterranean. More research may be needed to better understand how these routes worked and how they influenced the diffusion of ideas and innovations.
7. Philosophical : The legend of Atlantis has been passed down from the ancient Greeks and the discovery of its true location could provide new perspectives on ancient Greek philosophy. More research may be needed to better understand how the ancient Greeks incorporated the legend of Atlantis into their philosophical musings.

In general, if the Sardinian Corsican Atlantis theory were true and scientifically proven, it would have many immediate consequences from a scientific, historical, anthropological, cultural, linguistic, commercial and philosophical point of view.

Colonie Sardo Corso Atlantidee before the submersion of the Sardinian-Corsican geological block

Among the best known Sardinian Corsican Atlantean colonies before the submersion of the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean geological block, there are the structures found in Turkey of Gobekli Tepe, Karan Tepe and other similar ones still being analyzed today. Reconstructing this information is extremely difficult, but we could try to do it, starting for example from the symbols. The structure with concentric circles should by now be known as a reference to the structure of Sulcis, where the ancient Sardinian-Corsican ruler Poseidon set up residence together with Clito, on a hill/hill near Santadi and Sant’Anna Arresi. Gobekli Tepe and Karan Tepe present Atlantean structures called Taulas (tables), in the shape of a T, which the Atlanteans had also built on the island of Menorca. The Sardinian Corsican Atlantean Mesolithic symbolism is present in Turkey in the various Tepes excavated so far, as they include the Bull sacred to the Atlanteans, and the vulture. The Atlantean vulture, represented in Turkey, will then be represented among the people of Egypt with the sacred representation of Mut and Nekhbet. In particular, the Egyptians, to clarify that they were speaking of the Sardinian-Corsican Atlanteans, placed the symbol of the Metallurgy of Sulcis in the claws of Nekhbet, which we show in the image immediately below:

The Sardinian Corsican Atlanteans built the Gobekli Tepe and Karan Tepe structures as a demonstration of their technological advancement and architectural skills, and this had great cultural significance for them. Their behavior could not go unnoticed, and showed the other populations new ways of living, new behaviors, new religions. There was an ongoing cultural exchange between different civilizations and populations. This also explains why the Taulas of Menorca are also present in Gobekli Tepe. To clarify all these oddities, a paradigm shift was needed, which we will call the Sardinian Corso Atlantide Paradigm, which manages to clarify many hitherto obscure aspects of the archaeological and anthropological past.

Consequences of the acceptance of the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean Theory:

If in the future many of the statements made by Luigi Usai were confirmed, there would be various implications and consequences at a scientific, historical and cultural level. However it is important to point out that to this day these claims are still under discussion by the mainstream scientific community and are regarded as groundbreaking theories with multidisciplinary evidence that needs further study. To explore the possible implications, we can consider a hypothetical scenario in which these claims are confirmed:

1. Rewriting of history: If the claims of Luigi Usai are confirmed, this could require a significant rewriting of part of the known history, in particular that concerning the Atlantean civilization and its influences on ancient cultures.
2. New theories and lines of research: The acceptance of these theories could open new lines of research and study, involving different disciplines such as archeology, linguistics, geology and anthropology.
3. Cultural identity: The cultural implications could be substantial, especially for the regions involved in the claims, such as Sardinia and Corsica. A greater awareness of one’s origins and a deeper interest in local history and culture could emerge.
4. Revision of Existing Theories: New discoveries may require a revision of existing theories regarding antiquity, the migration of peoples, and the spread of cultures.
5. Impact on Education: The hypothetical confirmation of these claims could affect the way antiquity is taught in schools and universities, requiring the updating of textbooks and curricula.
6. Dialogue between the scientific and non-scientific communities: If these claims are confirmed, there could be more debate between the scientific community and the general public on historical, archaeological and cultural issues.
7. Impact on tourism and cultural heritage: Areas involved in the claims may experience increased tourist interest, as confirmed connection to ancient Atlantis could attract visitors interested in history and culture.
8. New approaches to research: New discoveries could lead to a reconsideration of how archaeological and historical research is done, encouraging an interdisciplinary and innovative approach.

CRITICISM OF ATLANTIS SARDO CORSA

SAFEGUARDING DISCOVERY AND PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE

I would like to point out that I have done everything to make this data public and disclose it, but I have hit a brick wallboth from the Superintendencies, who never replied to my emails or my pecs, and from the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, which never replied to my emails or my pecs, and from various university professors and archaeologists whom I contacted privately. I was told that “The scientific community proper does not exist”, or that “they do not disclose the discoveries of other scholars”. In practice, if an ordinary citizen makes a potential discovery, he is not provided with any support to communicate it to the scientific world. There is the expectation that an inexperienced person, who has never done it before, creates a perfect scientific paper from scratch, with all the trappings, and delivers it to I don’t know who for publication and analysis by the scientific community. In my opinion this is a shameful thing. I would have expected help in first trying to arrange my claims in an understandable way, and then in disseminating for analysis and cross-checking the veracity of the claims. Same attitude from the publishing houses: they would have published the book, but only after the scientists had confirmed my statements.

Luigi Usai’s theory on the position of Atlantis in the semi-submerged Sardinian-Corso block has not yet been counter-validated by scholars, but it has aroused great interest among scholars from all over the world for its suggestion on the possible discovery of Atlantis. Usai has provided hundreds of verifiable and scientific proofs that seem to consistently show the existence of Atlantis in the currently semi-submerged Sardinian Corsican geological block. However, some scholars have raised objections and criticisms of Usai’s theory, arguing that there is no concrete evidence demonstrating the existence of Atlantis in the semi-submerged Sardo-Corso block. Furthermore, some have pointed out that Usai’s theory is based on subjective interpretations of historical and geological sources and that no stratigraphy has yet been carried out for its cross-verification. Other scholars have instead expressed interest in Usai’s theory and have underlined the need for further research and analysis to verify its validity. The possible implications of Usai’s theory of Atlantis’ location for human history are enormous, as they could lead to a rewriting of ancient history and the discovery of new information about ancient civilizations. However, it is important to emphasize that Usai’s theory has not yet been confirmed and that further research and analysis are needed to verify its validity. Other scholars have instead expressed interest in Usai’s theory and have underlined the need for further research and analysis to verify its validity. The possible implications of Usai’s theory of Atlantis’ location for human history are enormous, as they could lead to a rewriting of ancient history and the discovery of new information about ancient civilizations. However, it is important to emphasize that Usai’s theory has not yet been confirmed and that further research and analysis are needed to verify its validity. Other scholars have instead expressed interest in Usai’s theory and have underlined the need for further research and analysis to verify its validity. The possible implications of Usai’s theory of Atlantis’ location for human history are enormous, as they could lead to a rewriting of ancient history and the discovery of new information about ancient civilizations. However, it is important to emphasize that Usai’s theory has not yet been confirmed and that further research and analysis are needed to verify its validity. as they could lead to a rewriting of ancient history and the discovery of new information about ancient civilizations. However, it is important to emphasize that Usai’s theory has not yet been confirmed and that further research and analysis are needed to verify its validity. as they could lead to a rewriting of ancient history and the discovery of new information about ancient civilizations. However, it is important to emphasize that Usai’s theory has not yet been confirmed and that further research and analysis are needed to verify its validity.

Oceanine, water nymphs, mountain nymphs, are the names by which Sardinian-Corse women were called.

New working hypothesis: the ancient Greeks called Sardinian women “water nymphs”, “mountain nymphs” . Now you can go and study all the references you find online to the “water nymphs”, and little by little you will begin to understand that they are the women who lived in what is now Sardinia.

Why Oceanines? Because the sea around the Sardinian-Corsican block was called the Atlantic Ocean in the Paleolithic, so from the Paleolithic onwards, if you were talking about a woman who lived in that territory, for example the current Sardinia and Corsica, you could say that she was an Oceanina, that is, that it came from the Atlantic Ocean, as in the image:

Keepers of the water springs –> the sacred wells of the Nuragic era rejoice in the caves, rejoice in the caves –> the caves: for example Grotte Is Zuddas, Grotta d’Acquafredda; Grotto of Su Carroppu of Sirri in Carbonia, Grotto of Neptune in Alghero etc; you rejoice in the caves -> the Domus De Janas rural girls -> well, at least they didn’t say “you behave like shepherds”, it’s already a good start girls of the springs and that you live in the woods -> Sardinia was all a wood, then transformed into the Granary of Rome; scented virgins –> well, at least they didn’t say “pottaisi unu fragu purexiu”, that’s a good start; dressed in white —> I missed this one: I didn’t know that Sardinians wore white perfume the breezes, protect the goats and the shepherds –> here is a clear reference to the agricultural world in general, but it is even in tune with contemporary Sardinia; dear to the woods, with splendid fruits -> now re-reading all the references to the Sea Nymphs, it is very clear to understand that we are talking about Sardinian Women. When in mythology it says: “X” married a sea nymph, it simply means that he married a Sardinian woman, that’s all. Search as many texts as you like to cross-check, and you will soon begin to understand that little by little progress is being made in understanding antiquity. If we really want to make significant progress in understanding meanings, we must also strive to do something that no one has ever done before: DARE. Trying to speculate, theorize things that archaeologists cannot afford to say because they would ruin their reputation, to try to SEE, UNDERSTAND what no one has been able to see so far. Now we can try to restudive the Naiads and the Nereids, starting from these reflections, to see if it is possible to extract new significant information, new points of view useful for learning. I have not found specific information on other websites suggesting that the water nymphs were simply Sardinian women, at the moment it seems to be just my belief. However, the female figure in Sardinian history and culture is absolutely central and Sardinian traditions with their legends, religious cults, political and popular vicissitudes are closely linked to matriarchal roots

The Superintendencies and at least one Ministry of the Italian Government have never replied to my pecs (certified e-mail with equivalent value to Registered Mail with Return Receipt) where I reported the discovery within 24 hours as per current legislation on the procurement of Archaeological or Cultural Heritage. Maybe they thought it was a joke .

Therefore:

1) I distrust them publicly ;

2) based on current legislation, I have a legal and moral duty to protect and safeguard the findings made : I made the news public to prevent the discovery and the findings from being ruined in recent years (damaged, sabotaged, stolen, illegally exported, destroyed by incompetent people such as inexperienced construction personnel carrying out field maneuvers etc.) due to State mismanagement of finds. In fact, by law I would have the obligation of silence, to be entitled to the economic percentage on the discovery. But in this case, my conscience requires me to make the news public because in my opinion it isState officials who are supposed to protect the discovery and the findings (cultural assets, treasures, works of art, artifacts, ports, villages, boats, etc.), are currently endangering it with their apparent indifference.

Some Data/Information used in this website was made available by the EMODnet Human Activities project and Emodnet, www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu, funded by the European Commission Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries.

On the basis of current legislation, considering the animus derelinquendi towards the corpus derelictionis, I declare the find and/or the objects present therein Res Nullius and Res Derelicta, except for different regulatory provisions which will be evaluated from time to time with the competent Authorities.

Megalithism

What I want to try to show in this experimental section is the diffusion of the megalithic movement throughout Europe and perhaps beyond Europe, starting from the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block, currently semi-submerged under the Atlantic Ocean, which today is called the Sea of ​​Sardinia , Corsican Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and which in the past also had the names of Mar Tetide, while the Romans called it Mare Nostrum to signal its property and their possession, while the Egyptians called it with many other names: the Great Green, the Primeval Ocean, the Great Nun.

The distribution of megalithic monuments across Europe and the Mediterranean islands represents one of the most fascinating puzzles of prehistoric archaeology. While Sardinia is particularly famous for its Nuragic structures, other regions, such as Cornwall in England, have their own distinctive megalithic monuments such as the Lanyon Quoit.

Lanyon Quoit : This structure in Cornwall is an example of a dolmen, a megalithic tomb which often consists of several upright stones supporting one large horizontal stone. Such dolmens can be found in many parts of Europe, including Great Britain, France, Scandinavia and also in parts of Asia, such as Korea.

Nuragic monuments : In Sardinia, the nuragic structures are mainly stone towers and fortified complexes, unique in their kind and not directly comparable to dolmens such as Lanyon Quoit. However, Sardinia also has dolmens, menhirs and domus de janas, which are rock-cut tombs, similar in some respects to megalithic tombs found elsewhere in Europe.

While both Cornwall and Sardinia have megalithic constructions dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, the nature, function and culture behind these constructions can vary widely. The geographical distance between the two regions makes direct contact unlikely, but does not exclude the possibility of indirect cultural exchanges or mutual influences through intermediaries.

It must be said that during the Bronze Age, traveling across the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coasts was possible. The bell-shaped culture, for example, showed a surprisingly wide distribution across Europe in a similar period, suggesting that there were trade routes and cultural exchanges between different regions.

In summary, while there is no concrete evidence of a direct link between Lanyon Quoit in Cornwall and the megalithic structures of Sardinia, the presence of megalithic monuments in both regions highlights a widespread phenomenon and a common tendency in European prehistory to build these impressive structures in stone. The true nature and extent of any possible interaction or mutual influence between the two cultures remains an area of ​​speculation and study for archaeologists.

The theory that proposes a possible center of origin of the megalithic movement in the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block is fascinating and opens the door to numerous speculations. This hypothesis, based on the existence of a block of land between Sardinia, Corsica and the Corsican Sardinian continental shelf, suggests that the advanced Corsican Sardinian civilization may have started the megalithic tradition and that, with the progressive rise of the sea level , these people may have moved and spread their culture in Europe.

Here are four European megalithic monuments. We’ll briefly review each one and see how they might fit this hypothesis; let us remember that I am proposing this hypothesis, which in my opinion is extremely probable and even the most probable according to my point of view:

1. Stonehenge (England) : One of the most famous megalithic monuments in the world, built in several stages. The large sarsen stones and blue stones have been transported from afar, suggesting an organized society with a strong religious or astronomical motivation, and this civilization is the Corsican Atlantean Sardinian one. If the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean hypothesis is correct, there may have been migrations or cultural influences that led to the construction of Stonehenge.
2. Carnac (France) : This site in Brittany is famous for its rows of standing stones that stretch for miles. It could be interpreted as a diffusion of the megalithic culture along the Atlantic coasts following prehistoric Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean migrations.
3. Newgrange (Ireland) : A cairn with a passage through it, known for its solstice alignment. This suggests astronomical knowledge, which may have been brought by Corsican Sardinian migrants or influenced by one of the many megalithic civilizations originating in the Corsican Sardinian geological block. We recall that, if the interpretation given by Luigi Usai on the IV book of the Stories of Herodotus is correct, then Sardinia was a hive of tribes and populations with different uses and customs; nomadic peoples and sedentary peoples; peoples who lived as troglodytes, i.e. inhabitants of caves and ravines, and peoples who built houses with blocks of salt because in some areas of Sardinian Libya it did not rain in some areas,
4. Mnajdra and Ħaġar Qim (Malta) : These megalithic temples are among the oldest in the world and display a sophisticated understanding of stone architecture. Their proximity to Sardinia and Corsica might suggest a connection or diffusion of culture from the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean bloc.

While the hypothesis is fascinating, there are many challenges. First, the precise dating of these sites and their development in relation to each other. Second, cultural influences can often be difficult to track and could come from multiple sources. However, the presence of similar stone structures in different parts of Europe could suggest some sort of cultural connection or diffusion, and the idea of ​​a submerged geological block that played a role in European prehistory is certainly worthy of further research.

Continuing with the hypothesis of a possible origin of the megalithic movement linked to the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean geological block, let’s examine six other famous megalithic structures and see how they might relate to this theory:

5. Dolmen of Menga (Spain) : Located in Antequera, it is one of the largest dolmens in Europe. Its location in Andalusia, close to the Mediterranean coast, could suggest a migration or cultural exchange route across the Mediterranean from a hypothetical center in the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean bloc.
6. Gavrinis (France) : It is a mound located on an island in the Gulf of Morbihan, in Brittany. Inside, the stones are adorned with intricate carvings resembling similar motifs found in different parts of megalithic Europe. This could reflect a common symbolic language or shared cultural influences.
7. Almendres Cromlech (Portugal) : This stone circle, located near Évora, is often referred to as the “Portuguese Stonehenge”. Its location in the Iberian peninsula, like the Dolmen of Menga, could suggest a migration or trade route across the Mediterranean.
8. Maeshowe (Scotland) : This cairn, located in Orkney, has an entrance aligned with the winter solstice. Its sophisticated construction and location in a region that has a rich history of maritime contacts could suggest exchanges or influences from other megalithic cultures.
9. Kercado Tumulus (France) : Another monument located in Brittany, known for its decorated menhir inside. Its proximity to the Carnac menhirs could suggest a region particularly influenced by the megalithic tradition.
10. Avebury (England) : This is another huge megalithic ceremonial complex, comprising stone circles, a huge cairn (Silbury Hill) and a long avenue of stones. Given its sheer size and complexity, it is yet another example of a well-organized society with strong megalithic traditions, which may have originated from or influences from a primeval megalithic center such as the one proposed.

If we consider the hypothesis of the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block, it is intriguing to note how many of these structures are located near the coasts, especially the Atlantic and Mediterranean ones. This could suggest migration or cultural exchange routes that moved along these coasts. Furthermore, all the legends linked to Atlantis and Poseidon god of the sea, to the Atlanteans as people of the water, a term perhaps later changed over the millennia to Peoples of the Sea, are congruent with these discourses: the Sardinian sea peoples of the Corsican Atlanteans spread throughout all over the Mediterranean and beyond, in an attempt to conquer other peoples, as stated in Timaeus and Critias by Sonchis of Sais, and they brought their ideas, their navigation, their prehistoric architecture linked to astronomy, spreading culture throughout the Mediterranean and beyond, probably up to the coasts of the present Atlantic Ocean, up to Carnac in France and Stonehenge in England. However, again, it’s important to note that these are speculations and more research is needed to confirm any direct links.

For further confirmation of my hypothesis on the Sardinian Corsican Atlantean origin of the prehistoric megalithic movement, the analysis of the Cromlechs.

A cromlech is a megalithic construction made up of large blocks of stone. The word comes from the Welsh “crom”, which means “curved” and “lech”, which means “flat stone”  ¹ . The term refers to two different megalithic forms: the first is a table tomb (often called “dolmen”), while the second is a set of menhirs aligned in a circle, sometimes united with the trilithic system to form a sanctuary, perhaps with astronomical observatory function  ¹ .

Cromlechs were built during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages and are found in many parts of Europe, such as Britain, France and Scandinavia, as well as parts of Asia, such as Korea. The most famous and enigmatic is the cromlech of Stonehenge, whose construction seems to have been carried out between 2800 BC and 1100 BC  in four different phases, and which has orientations attributable to astronomical studies  ¹ .

In Italy, cromlechs are absent in the peninsula but are found in Sardinia, where megalithic enclosures have been noted on the plateaus of Bonorva, Abbasanta and Bitti. However, their dimensions are much smaller than those of the enclosures of France and their use may have been that of stock pens or small defensive redoubts  ². I personally don’t believe that to control livestock they made superhuman efforts, which could last years, to make a very simple fence that they could build in a few days of work with wood: it is a simply ridiculous hypothesis that they created immense and very tiring stone fences for such a simple task: it would be like screwing a light bulb into the house, holding the light bulb still and rotating the whole house. The presence of cromlechs in Sardinia is further confirmation of my hypotheses, and the cromlechs present in Sardinia are archaeological, historical and scientific evidence, they are not fantasies. We therefore have objective data that are stratified to confirm my initial hypotheses. Over 7000 nuraghes in Sardinia confirm an incredibly massive presence of prehistoric artefacts,

The observation of the cromlechs could support the hypothesis of a Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean origin of the megalithic movement. That’s how:

1. Geographical location : Cromlechs are often located in elevated positions, which offer a panoramic view of the sky and horizon. This could indicate an ancient connection with the observation of the stars, which is part of the astronomical knowledge associated with the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block.
2. Construction : The construction technique of the cromlechs, which uses huge blocks of stone without the use of mortar, could be compared to that of Nuragic structures in Sardinia or menhirs in other parts of Europe. This similarity could suggest a common ancestry or shared cultural influences.
3. Symbolism : Cromlechs, especially circular ones, are often associated with ceremonies related to the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. These themes are also common in the Nuragic culture and other megalithic traditions, suggesting some sort of common symbolic or religious language. The presence of similar symbols and carvings on megalithic structures in different parts of Europe could suggest a common symbolic language or shared cultural influences.
4. Migration routes : If we consider the cromlechs as indicators of migration or cultural exchange routes, it can be seen that many of these structures are located near the coasts, especially the Atlantic and Mediterranean ones. This could strengthen the idea of ​​an expansion of the megalithic movement from a center in the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block.
5. Legends and Myths : Many cromlechs are surrounded by legends and myths about giants, gods, and ancient people. While these tales may vary from one region to another, the presence of similar stories could indicate a common origin or shared cultural influences.

Indeed the presence of similar symbols and carvings on megalithic structures in different parts of Europe could suggest a common symbolic language or shared cultural influences. However, the interpretation of symbols without the presence of a similar living culture can be problematic and ambiguous. Some scholars have suggested that elements derived from megalithic carving traditions may have been incorporated into the funerary culture of other regions, as in the case of the Oromo in the Arssi region.

Megalithic structures, such as dolmens and menhirs, are found all over the world and are considered important cultural elements and sacred places. Some megaliths were used for astronomical observations, while others were built for burial purposes. These monuments create a mysterious aura and often evoke a sense of communion with something supernatural.

Megalithic constructions in Western Europe, such as passage tombs and stone alignments, have been dated to between the fifth and second millennia BC and are considered indigenous, not resulting from Near Eastern influences. However, the spread of ideas may have occurred along the Atlantic coasts and from inland.

In general, megalithic structures represent the most tangible remains of Neolithic sacred landscapes in Europe. The word “megalite” comes from the Greek and means “large stone”. In conclusion, although the presence of similar symbols and carvings on megalithic structures in different parts of Europe may suggest a common symbolic language or shared cultural influences, the precise interpretation of these symbols requires a deeper understanding of the cultures that created them.

Legends and giants of Sardinia: Sardinia, with its rich history and ancient traditions, is a land wrapped in a veil of mystery and legend. One of the recurring themes in Sardinian popular stories is the presence of giants. This is no coincidence, as the island is home to various structures and archaeological finds that evoke the image of these imposing beings.

The Nuragic Tombs of the Giants are megalithic constructions, long and rectangular, which served as collective burial places. Their monumental structure and their grandeur have given rise to legends according to which they were burial places of ancient giants who once inhabited the island. Some tales tell of these giants as guardians of the lands, others as heroes or local deities.

The Giants of Mont’E Prama, on the other hand, are large stone statues dating back to the Nuragic age. These statues represent warriors, archers and boxers, and are the oldest all-round statues in the Mediterranean. Their discovery has rekindled interest in local legends, offering a tangible representation of the mythical Sardinian giants.

Finally, many ancient prehistoric structures in Sardinia are known as “Sa domu e s’Orcu”, which translated means “The house of the Orc”. The ogre, often represented as a giant in popular traditions, is a feared and respected being. Structures of this name are often tombs or other megalithic constructions, and their association with orcs may derive both from their grandeur and from beliefs that these places were inhabited or protected by supernatural beings.

These legends, stories and archaeological finds are testimony to a deep and intricate cultural heritage. The fact that similar stories of giants can be found in different cultures around the world, such as in the cromlechs mentioned earlier, suggests that perhaps there is a common root or shared cultural influences between distant peoples. In Sardinia, these stories are a bridge between the past and the present, reminding us of the mysterious and fascinating roots of the island.

Although the hypothesis of a Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean origin of the megalithic movement is fascinating and presents some interesting clues, it is essential to address the question with a scientific and critical approach. Archaeologists and historians need to base their conclusions on hard evidence, which can include archaeological finds, DNA analyses, linguistic studies, and more. However, the presence of similar megalithic structures in different parts of Europe and the world certainly suggests some sort of cultural connection or diffusion during prehistory, and the Sardinian-Corsican-Atlantean block idea offers an intriguing perspective on this network of connections. .

Megalithism in Italy:

Megalithism is a phenomenon that has involved many parts of the world, including Italy. A megalith is a large stone or set of stones used to build a structure or monument without the use of binders such as lime or cement. The term megalith comes from the union of two ancient Greek words: μέγας, transliterated mégas, ie “large” and λίθος, líthos, which means “stone” ¹ .

In Italy, megalithic monuments are abundantly found in Sardinia. The oldest megaliths on the island are the funerary circles of Gallura, of which it is right to mention the necropolis of Li Muri in Arzachena, similar to those of nearby Corsica and the Provençal and Pyrenean areas. There are also numerous menhirs, 100 in the small town of Laconi alone; more than 200 menhirs in the municipality of Sorgono; more than 100 dolmens located mainly in the north of the island ¹ .

Megalithism in Sardinia began during the Neolithic and lasted until the Nuragic era. The Nuragic Tombs of the Giants are long and rectangular megalithic constructions that served as collective burial places. Their monumental structure and grandeur have given rise to legends according to which they were burial places of ancient giants who once inhabited the island ¹ .

In general, megalithic structures represent the most tangible remains of Neolithic sacred landscapes in Europe. These monuments create a mysterious aura and often evoke a sense of communion with something supernatural.

Megalithism in Spain:

A megalith is a large stone or set of stones used to build a structure or monument without the use of binders such as lime or cement. In Spain, a huge megalithic complex has been discovered in the province of Huelva, with hundreds of dolmens and menhirs ¹ .

The complex is one of the largest megalithic concentrations in all of Europe and its construction began at the end of the 6th millennium BC  and lasted almost 3,000 years, from the Middle Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age ¹ . The menhirs (large stones planted vertically in the ground) are the most numerous elements: 526 have been found erected or fallen to the ground, some in the shape of a rectangle, others in the shape of an egg or lentil; the tallest (3.5 meters high by one wide) had great symbolic value ¹ .

The complex also houses many dolmens (structures made up of two or more stones driven into the ground that support a horizontal table), tumuli and cistas (stone “boxes” where the bodies of the deceased were kept), probably used as tombs but perhaps also associated with evocative practices and commemoration rites ¹ .

Megalithism in the Balearic Islands:

In the Balearic Islands , megalithism is represented by the talayots and taulas .

Talayots are stone towers built during the Bronze Age in the Balearic Islands . These structures probably had a defensive and territorial control function, but they could also have been used as places of worship or meeting. The taulas, on the other hand, are megalithic structures made up of two large stones arranged in a T, with a horizontal stone resting on a vertical one. These structures are believed to have had a religious or ceremonial function.

Megalithism in Germany: Harhoog’s Tomb and Beyond

Megalithism represents one of the most fascinating phases of European prehistory. These stone monuments, erected by ancient people for various purposes, are scattered throughout Europe, and Germany also boasts a rich heritage of these enigmatic constructions.

Harhoog’s Tomb: This structure, located in Keitum on the island of Sylt in Schleswig-Holstein, is one of the most emblematic examples of German megalithism. It is a large dolmen, a sort of burial chamber made with large stone slabs. The fact that it dates back to 3000 BC places it in a phase of considerable cultural and technological development of the local populations. Despite its ancient origin, Harhoog’s tomb has not remained unchanged over the millennia. In 1954, due to urbanization and conservation reasons, the dolmen was relocated from its original location. This move, although a necessity, underlines the importance of preserving these monuments, witnesses of a distant past still shrouded in mystery.

Other Megaliths in Germany: Harhoog’s grave is not the only example of megalithism in Germany. The Schleswig-Holstein area, as well as other regions of the country, is home to several other similar structures. Many of these constructions were erected during the Neolithic period and are often associated with funerary rituals, although their exact meaning and purpose remain a matter of debate among archaeologists. Over the years, many of these structures have suffered damage or been partially destroyed, making the task of conserving and enhancing what remains even more crucial.

Importance of Megalithism: Megalithism in Germany, as well as in other parts of Europe, offers an important window into the beliefs, practices and technical capabilities of prehistoric peoples. These monuments represent not only impressive architectural achievements, but also places of worship, memory and community. By studying them, we can try to better understand the ancient cultures that erected them and, in a sense, connect with our deepest roots.

In conclusion, while Harhoog’s tomb represents one of the best known and most distinctive examples of German megalithism, it is only the tip of the iceberg of a much larger cultural heritage. The conservation and study of these monuments are essential to preserve the memory of an era which, despite being distant in time, has left indelible traces on the landscape and culture of contemporary Europe.